• ISSN 2097-1893
  • CN 10-1855/P

改进的地震AVAZ裂缝弱度反演方法及其在致密砂岩储层中的应用

聂南方 郭智奇 刘财

引用本文: 聂南方,郭智奇,刘财. 2023. 改进的地震AVAZ裂缝弱度反演方法及其在致密砂岩储层中的应用. 地球与行星物理论评(中英文),54(0):1-11
Nie N F, Guo Z Q, Liu C. 2023. Application of the improved seismic AVAZ inversion method for fracture characterization of a tight sandstone gas reservoir in the Ordos Basin. Reviews of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, 54(0): 1-11 (in Chinese)

改进的地震AVAZ裂缝弱度反演方法及其在致密砂岩储层中的应用

doi: 10.19975/j.dqyxx.2023-025
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(42074153,42274160)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    聂南方(1998-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事地震岩石物理的研究. E-mail:845162659@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    郭智奇(1980-),男,教授,主要从事地震岩石物理的研究. E-mail:guozhiqi@jlu.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: P315

Application of the improved seismic AVAZ inversion method for fracture characterization of a tight sandstone gas reservoir in the Ordos Basin

Funds: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42074153, 42274160)
  • 摘要: 致密砂岩气储层具有低孔、低渗的特征,裂缝的存在可以提高储层的渗透率,同时裂缝是油气重要的储存空间和运移通道,裂缝发育也有利于水力压裂过程中裂缝网络的形成,裂缝预测可为致密砂岩气储层的开发和部署提供重要依据. 地震振幅随方位角的变化可以提供储层中垂直裂缝的信息,本文针对HTI介质提出了一种改进的方位振幅差异反演方法,并结合岩石物理理论预测表征裂缝性质的裂缝弱度参数. 常规的反演方法一般同时反演弹性参数和裂缝参数,改进的方位振幅差异方法引入一个参考方位,构建消除各向同性背景的方位振幅差异道集,仅反演与各向异性项相关的裂缝弱度参数,充分利用方位各向异性响应,提高裂缝识别的敏感性与裂缝参数反演的准确性. 实际数据应用表明,方位振幅差异反演方法对裂缝参数预测的敏感性较常规方法有所提高,预测的裂缝弱度与测井渗透率曲线相吻合,并且与致密砂岩气储层产气性具有明显的相关性. 因此,利用方位振幅差异方法预测裂缝分布及其发育程度可为致密砂岩储层含气有利区的识别与开发提供可靠的指标.

     

  • 图  1  He4段致密砂岩反射地震波双程旅行时等值线图. 红点表示气井,白点表示干井,红线为井间地震连线

    Figure  1.  Contour map indicating the two-way travel time (TWT) of seismic waves reflected from the He4 Member tight sandstones. Gas wells are indicated by red dots and the dry well by the white dot. Red lines indicate the cross-well seismic line

    图  2  井B不同入射角叠前方位地震数据

    Figure  2.  Pre-stack seismic data of variable azimuths with different incidence angles adjacent to well B

    图  3  He4段致密砂岩地震振幅平面图

    Figure  3.  Horizontal slice of seismic amplitude for the He4 Member tight sandstone

    图  4  He4段致密砂岩VP/VS平面图

    Figure  4.  Horizontal slice of P- and S-wave velocity ratio (VP/VS) for the He4 Member tight sandstone

    图  5  利用叠前弹性反演计算井A、B和C的VP/VS剖面. 图中曲线为三口井的含气饱和度测井数据

    Figure  5.  Cross-section of P- and S-wave velocity ratio (VP/VS) for wells A, B, and C, calculated by the pre-stack elastic inversion. The curves are the gas saturation logs of the three wells

    图  6  HTI介质模型示意图

    Figure  6.  Schematic diagram of the HTI (transversely isotropy with a horizontal axis) medium

    图  7  (a)含气饱和情况及(b)含水饱和情况裂缝弱度随裂缝密度的变化

    Figure  7.  Variation of fracture weakness with fracture density in gas (a) and water (b) saturation

    图  8  (a)方位振幅Rpp和(b)方位振幅差异ΔRpp随入射角和方位角的变化

    Figure  8.  Azimuthal amplitude Rpp (a) and azimuthal amplitude difference ΔRpp (b) for varying azimuths and incidence angles

    图  9  利用常规Rpp反演方法计算井A、B和C(a)法向裂缝弱度和(b)切向裂缝弱度平面图

    Figure  9.  Horizontal slice of normal (a) and tangential (b) fracture weakness across wells A, B, and C, calculated by the conventional Rpp inversion method

    图  10  利用地震方位振幅差异ΔRpp反演方法计算井A、B和C(a)法向裂缝弱度和(b)切向裂缝弱度平面图

    Figure  10.  Horizontal slice of normal (a) and tangential (b) fracture weakness across wells A, B, and C, calculated by the seismic azimuthal amplitude differences ΔRpp inversion method

    图  11  利用常规Rpp反演方法计算井A、B和C(a)法向裂缝弱度和(b)切向裂缝弱度剖面图. 图中曲线为三口井的渗透率测井数据

    Figure  11.  Cross-section of normal (a) and tangential (b) fracture weakness for wells A, B, and C, calculated by the conventional Rpp inversion method. The curves are the permeability logs of the three wells

    图  12  利用地震方位振幅差异ΔRpp反演方法计算井A、B和C(a)法向裂缝弱度和(b)切向裂缝弱度剖面图. 图中曲线为三口井的渗透率测井数据

    Figure  12.  Cross-section of normal (a) and tangential (b) fracture weakness for wells A, B, and C, calculated by the seismic azimuthal amplitude differences ΔRpp inversion method. The curves are the permeability logs of the three wells

    表  1  HTI介质模型参数

    Table  1.   Model parameters of HTI media

    VP/
    (km·s−1)
    VS/
    (km·s−1)
    ρ/
    (g·cm−3)
    V′P/
    ( km·s−1)
    V′S/
    ( km·s−1)
    ρ′/
    (g·cm−3)
    φ/%
    模型14.602.602.460.6200.0650.05
    模型24.602.602.461.501.00.05
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  双层介质模型参数

    Table  2.   Model parameters of the double-layer medium

    VP /(km·s−1)VS /(km·s−1)ρ /(g·cm−3)ΔNΔT
    ISO3.902.302.4600
    HTI4.602.602.460.30.1
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-05-09
  • 修回日期:  2023-06-09
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    返回文章
    返回