对流层臭氧污染对植物生理影响的研究进展

黎武标; 王永达; 姜文英

doi:10.19975/j.dqyxx.2023-021

对流层臭氧污染对植物生理影响的研究进展

doi: 10.19975/j.dqyxx.2023-021

黎武标^{1, 2,},
王永达^{1, 2},
姜文英^1, ,

1.
中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所新生代地质与环境重点实验室，北京 100029
2.
中国科学院大学，北京 100049

基金项目: 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（XDB26000000）；中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所重点部署项目（IGGCAS-201905）

详细信息

作者简介:
黎武标（1992-），男，博士研究生，主要从事第四纪环境变化的研究. E-mail：liwubiao@mail.iggcas.ac.cn

通讯作者:
姜文英（1968-），女，研究员，主要从事孢粉学与古环境研究. E-mail：wjiang@mail.iggcas.ac.cn

中图分类号: P66
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-05
- 修回日期: 2023-06-16
- 录用日期: 2023-06-19
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-27
- 刊出日期: 2024-03-01

Impacts of tropospheric ozone pollution on plant physiology: Current status and future perspectives

Li Wubiao^{1, 2
,},
Wang Yongda^{1, 2},
Jiang Wenying^{1
, ,}

1.
Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Funds: Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB26000000) , and the Key Research Program of Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. IGGCAS-201905)

摘要

摘要: 对流层臭氧是一种存在于近地面、对动植物有害的光化学污染物，定量评估和研究其对植物生理的影响和机制对保障全球粮食安全和人体健康具有至关重要的作用. 由于过去三十年的快速工业化和城市化，对流层臭氧浓度正以每年约0.5%～2%的速度上升. 针对当前臭氧污染加剧的情况，根据前人的基础理论研究和实验探索，本文就臭氧对植物表观、花粉和光合作用的影响特征及机制进行了总结和分析，得到以下认识：（1）臭氧污染下植物叶片受损、光合速率和固碳能力下降，影响干物质的积累与分配，是造成作物减产的主要原因；（2）臭氧污染导致花粉细胞膜受损，细胞脂质过氧化，改变了过敏原蛋白质的结构，增加了人体呼吸道过敏的风险. 受损的化石花粉在沉积物中也有发现，通常与大规模生物灭绝同时期，推测与火山爆发或全球快速变暖导致的臭氧浓度增加有关. 这些发现表明应加强自然环境下臭氧对植物生态习性的影响研究，重视植物地下生态过程的影响，开展缓解臭氧对作物影响和耐臭氧品种选育的研究.
- 臭氧 /
- 植物 /
- 作物产量 /
- 光合作用 /
- 花粉结构
Abstract: Tropospheric ozone, mainly produced by chemical reactions that involve the photo-chemical oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of nitrogen oxide (NOx), is an air pollutant that adversely impacts human health and natural vegetation. Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization over the last three decades, tropospheric ozone concentrations are rising at a rate of ~0.5%–2% per year. By 2040, ozone concentrations are projected to reach 35–48 ppb (currently ~31 ppb). Thus, the assessment of the effects of this increase on plant physiology is important for ensuring global food security and human health. In this paper, we review the effects of tropospheric ozone pollution on plant physiology, including the visible damage to leaves and roots, changes in photosynthetic rate, carbon sequestration capacity, and the structure of pollen grains. The results show that continuous exposure to high ozone concentrations cause: (1) visible foliar injury, and reduction in the photosynthetic rate and carbon sequestration capacity, which in turn affect the accumulation and distribution of dry matter and consequently reduces crop yields; and (2) damage to cell membranes, protein of pollen grains, and lipid peroxidation in cells, which may increase the risk of respiratory allergies in humans. The response of plants to ozone varies with species, plant growth stage and climatic conditions. Damaged fossil pollen grains have been observed in the sediments of the end-Devonian and the end-Permian, coeval with mass extinction events, which was attributed to increased ozone concentrations resulting from either volcanic eruptions or rapid global warming. These findings highlight the urgent need for research on the impacts of ozone on plant ecological habits in the natural environment, especially on below-ground ecological processes, as well as on measures to mitigate the impacts of ozone on crops and the selection of ozone-resistant crops.
- ozone /
- plants /
- crops /
- photosynthesis /
- pollen structure

HTML全文

图 1 北半球地表高浓度臭氧区域分布（修改自Van Dingenen et al., 2009）与臭氧浓度月均变化图. 臭氧月均变化数据来源自中国环境监测总站（http://www.cnemc.cn/jcbg/kqzlzkbg/）和美国环保署（https://aqs.epa.gov/aqsweb/airdata/download_Files.html）；作物长势数据来源自全球农情遥感速报系统（http://cloud.cropwatch.com.cn/site/bulletin）

Figure 1. Regional distribution of high ozone concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere (modified from Van Dingenen et al., 2009) , and the monthly average variation of ozone concentration in central northern India, the Yangtze River Delta and midwestern USA [Data sources: Environmental Monitoring of China (http://www.cnemc.cn/jcbg/kqzlzkbg/); United States Environmental Protection Agency (https://aqs.epa.gov/aqsweb/airdata/download_Files.html) and Cropwatch (http://cloud.cropwatch.com.cn/site/bulletin)]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 臭氧对植物生理的影响. （a）健康生长的水稻与（b）水稻叶片表面出现锈斑（修改自Frei, 2015）；（c）和（d）水稻小穗发育不良（修改自Wang et al., 2012）；（e）蓝桉花粉正常的大小和结构与（f）蓝桉花粉收缩，形状异常，一些颗粒物附着在表面（修改自Azzazy, 2016）；（g）悬铃木花粉正常的大小和结构与（h）悬铃木花粉外壁受损（修改自Zhou et al., 2021）

Figure 2. Effects of high ozone concentrations on three aspects of plant physiology. (a) Control group of rice and (b) visible foliar injury in rice (modified from Frei, 2015); (c) and (d) Rice spikelet degeneration (modified from Wang et al., 2012); (e) The normal size and structure of Eucalyptus globulus Labill pollen and (f) abnormal shapes of pollen grains, with several particles adhering to the surface (modified from Azzazy, 2016); (g) The normal size and structure of Platanaceae pollen and (h) damage to the pollen cell membrane (modified from Zhou et al., 2021)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 臭氧对植物不同发育阶段的影响

Table 1. Effects of ozone on different growth stages of plants

发育阶段	臭氧浓度	受试植物	症状	参考文献
生殖阶段	61 ppb/6 h	蓝桉	花粉缩小、变薄，表面有突起	Cuinica et al., 2013; Azzazy, 2016
生殖阶段	115 ppb/16 h	桦树	花粉蛋白质含量下降	Zhu et al., 2018
生长阶段	50 ppb、100 ppb和 200 ppb	冬小麦	光合速率分别降低2%、19%和46%	郭建平等，2001
	45 ppb/7 h	水稻	叶片有零星黄色、锈色斑点	Sharps et al., 2021
	45 ppb/49 d	水稻	叶面褪绿，严重时扩展到叶背	Nouchi et al., 1991
	50～100 ppb/56 d	水稻、小麦	叶片变薄枯黄、卷曲、失水直到坏死	Nouchi et al., 1991
	111 ppb/12 h	棉花、番茄	根冠薄化、根长缩短和根重降低	Grantz et al., 2003; Thwe et al., 2013
成熟阶段	40 ppb	冬小麦	减产8.5%～14%	Lin et al., 2018
	40 ppb	水稻	减产3.9%～14%	Lin et al., 2018
	40 ppb	玉米	减产2.2%～5.5%	Lin et al., 2018
	40 ppb	小麦	减产10%	Feng and Kobayashi, 2009
	60 ppb	水稻	减产18%	Feng, 2003
	100 ppb	水稻	减产39.9%	Shao et al., 2020

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