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摘要: 近年来，地球外层空间在地球上造成灾害的风险逐渐增加. 未来行星探测对提高应对太空灾害风险能力具有重要意义. 2018年，利用InSight任务收集到的地震数据对火星台站下方不同尺度的地下介质结构进行了探测；然而，单一地震台站的摆放对于大规模火星探测仍然存在很大的局限性. 因此，本研究设计了一种单站观测系统，通过将单个接收站和移动源相结合的方式来收集行星地震数据，从而能够在早期地外探测中收集更可靠的地震信号. 为了从地震信号中获得一维地下介质结构，讨论了高阶频散曲线成像方法在其中的应用，提出了一种高分辨率频率Hankel函数频散曲线提取方法，用于消除频散曲线中的高频部分伪影，改进了高阶频散曲线提取方法. 然后将该方法扩展到多分量情况，为利用不同分量地震信号提取更多频散曲线信息提供了可能. 同时，本研究所提出的数据采集系统为二维和三维地下介质成像提供了数据基础. 此外，还讨论了基于单个地震台站开发汽车地震学的可能性，以解决超重车辆导致高架桥坍塌的普遍问题，说明了单个地震台站系统在地震成像和震源监测中的重要作用.Abstract: In recent years, the risk of disasters on Earth caused by space issues has increased gradually. Future planetary exploration is of great significance to enhance the ability to monitor space disaster risks. In 2018, underground media structures at different scales were explored beneath Mars stations through the InSight mission; however, there remain significant limitations to large-scale Mars exploration. Therefore, in this study, a single-station observation system was designed by combining a single receiving station and a mobile source as a novel method for collecting planetary seismic data, thereby enabling the collection of more reliable seismic signals in early extraterrestrial explorations. To obtain a one-dimensional underground medium structure, high-order dispersion curve imaging methods were applied, and a high-resolution frequency Hankel function dispersion curve extraction method was proposed to eliminate artifacts in the dispersion curve and improve the extracted dispersion curves. The system was then extended to a multicomponent case to demonstrate the complementarity between the multicomponent and single-component results. The proposed data acquisition system provides a foundation for two-dimensional and three-dimensional underground media imaging systems. Furthermore, the feasibility of developing automotive seismic technology based on this system to address the widespread issue of viaduct collapse caused by overweight vehicles was discussed, demonstrating the importance of single-station systems in seismic imaging and source monitoring.
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Key words:
- single station /
- seismic imaging /
- source monitoring
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Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the single-station observation system. (a) The simplest linear arrangement in the single-station observation system. (b) General form of a single-station observation system
Figure 3. Dispersion curve extraction results for the FJ method and MFJ method. (a) Results of the frequency-Bessel function transformation method (FJ) with a short offset; (b) Hankel function (MFJ) transformation results with a short offset; (c) Bessel function transformation (FJ) results with a long offset; and (d) Hankel function transformation (MFJ) results with a long offset
Figure 4. Regularization parameter selection results. (a) Method for determining the regularization parameters for the L-curve values. (b) The frequency dispersion value obtained for a larger regularization parameter. (c) The normalized dispersion value when the regularization parameter is selected near the inflection point. (d) The normalized dispersion value when a smaller regularization parameter is selected
Figure 5. Dispersion curve extraction results for the FJ method and CS method. (a) Dispersion curves generated based on the modified FJ method; (b) Imaging results based on the high-resolution Bessel function method (CS)
Figure 6. Comparison of four methods for extracting the dispersion curve. (a) Frequency-Bessel function transformation method (FJ) for extracting the dispersion curves. (b) Modified frequency-Bessel function method (MFJ) for extracting the dispersion curve. (c) The dispersion energy map obtained by the compressed sensing (CS) method. (d) The dispersion energy map obtained by high-resolution Hankel function method
Figure 7. Comparison of the dispersion curves obtained by the CS method and the method proposed in this paper. (a) Normalized dispersion energy diagram based on the RZ component extraction results of the CS method. (b) Absolute value of the dispersion energy diagram obtained with the CS method. (c) The normalized dispersion energy map based on the method proposed in this paper. (d) Absolute value graphs based on the normalized results of the proposed method
Figure 8. (a) Comparison of the ZZ component extraction results of the proposed method and the theoretical calculation results. (b) Comparison of the RZ component extraction results of the proposed method and the theoretical calculation results
Table 1. Physical parameters of Model 1
Layer Thickness/m P wave/ (m·s−1) S wave/ (m·s−1) Density/ (kg·m−3) 1 25 1350 200 1900 2 Infinite 2000 1000 2500 
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Table 2. Physical parameters of Model 2
Layer Thickness/
mP-wave/
(m·s−1)S-wave/
(m·s−1)Density/
(kg·m−3)1 10 1500 180 1780 2 10 1750 350 1850 3 20 1600 250 1800 4 Infinite 2000 600 1940
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