子午工程二期漠河大气风温金属成分激光雷达钙原子初步观测结果

陈峰磊; 荀宇畅; 王泽龙; 杜丽芳; 郑浩然; 陈志青; 程学武; 王积勤; 吴方; 杨国韬

doi:10.19975/j.dqyxx.2023-012

子午工程二期漠河大气风温金属成分激光雷达钙原子初步观测结果

doi: 10.19975/j.dqyxx.2023-012

陈峰磊^{1, 2,},
荀宇畅^{1, 2,},
王泽龙^{3, 2},
杜丽芳²,
郑浩然²,
陈志青²,
程学武⁴,
王积勤⁴,
吴方²,
杨国韬^2,

1.
太原理工大学物理与光电工程学院，太原 030024
2.
国家空间科学中心空间天气学国家重点实验室，北京 100190
3.
江苏科技大学理学院，镇江 212100
4.
中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院波谱与原子分子物理国家重点实验室，武汉 430071

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（42004134，41627804）；空间天气学国家重点实验室开放课题

详细信息

作者简介:
陈峰磊（1998-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事中高层大气物理研究. E-mail：863830001@qq.com

通讯作者:
荀宇畅（1991-），女，讲师，主要从事中高层大气物理研究

杨国韬（1975-），男，研究员，主要从事激光雷达探测和中高层大气物理研究

中图分类号: P35
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-02-28
- 录用日期: 2023-04-20
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-27

Preliminary results of Calcium atom analysis by the wind-temperature-metal-constituents LiDAR at Mohe middle-upper atmosphere, for the Chinese Meridian Project Phase II

1.
School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Beijing 100190, China
3.
School of Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
4.
State Key Laboratory of Spectrum and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Institute of Precision Measurement Science and Technology Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China

Funds: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42004134, 41627804), and the funded by State Key Laboratory of Space Weather

摘要

摘要: 子午工程二期漠河（122°E, 53°N）钙原子激光雷达利用高空大气金属层共振荧光散射机制探测80～120 km区域的金属层成分，并将这些金属成分作为示踪物去研究中高层大气的各种复杂的化学和动力学过程. 子午工程二期漠河钙原子激光雷达采用的时间分辨率为1.1 min，空间分辨率为30 m. 在这种高时空分辨率下，仍然得到了高信噪比信号. 通过对2023年1月钙原子数密度随时间和高度的演化过程进行分析，发现背景层钙原子峰值密度达到了33.55 cm^-3左右，并且其突发层钙原子峰值密度可以达到约53.64 cm^-3；在与延庆（116.0°E, 40.5°N）钙原子数密度的比较研究中，我们发现延庆的钙原子数密度小于漠河的钙原子数密度；在与国外台站钙原子观测的比较研究中，我们发现漠河钙原子数密度和德国Kuhlungsborn（54°N, 12°E）台站的钙原子数密度接近，比法国的Observatoire de Haute Provence（44°N, 6°E）台站的钙原子数密度大. 在2023年1月12日至14日，我们观测到了钙流星尾迹，并且流星尾迹往往出现在金属层峰值的附近.
- 激光雷达 /
- 钙原子数密度 /
- 流星尾迹
Abstract: The Chinese Meridian Project Phase II Calcium atom LiDAR at Mohe (122°E, 53°N) station uses a resonance fluorescence scattering mechanism to detect the metal layer composition in the upper atmosphere at 80-120 km , and subsequently uses these metal components as tracers to study various complex chemical and kinetic processes in the middle and upper atmosphere. The time resolution of this LiDAR is 1.1 min and the spatial resolution is 30 m. With high spatial and temporal resolution, we obtained a high signal to noise ratio for Ca number density. Further, we analyzed the evolution of Ca number density with time and height in January 2023. We observed that the peak value of background and sporadic Ca number densities reached approximately 33.55 cm^-3 and 53.64 cm^-3, respectively. In comparison with that in Yanqing (116.0°E, 40.5°N) station, the Ca number density in Mohe station was higher. Moreover, while examining the Ca observation studies conducted at foreign stations, we found that the Ca number density in Mohe was close to that of Kuhlungsborn station (54°N, 12°E; Germany) and was higher than that of Observatoire de Haute Provence station (44°N, 6E; France). Additionally, during January 12–14, 2023, we observed calcium meteor trails, consistently appearing near the peak of the metal layer spectrum.
- LiDAR /
- Ca count density /
- meteor trail

HTML全文

图 1 子午工程二期漠河中高层大气风温金属成分激光雷达钙原子观测系统组成图

Figure 1. Composition diagram of the calcium atom observation system in the Mohe middle-upper atmosphere wind-temperature-metal-constituents LiDAR, for the Chinese Meridian Project Phase II

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图 2 2023年1月12日22:48观测到的激光雷达原始光子数廓线图

Figure 2. The LiDAR original photon number profile observed at 22:48 on January 12, 2023

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图 3 2023年1月12日观测到的夜间漠河钙原子数密度（其中LT0点之前属于1月12日，LT0点之后属于1月13日）

Figure 3. Mohe Calcium atomic density observed at night on January 12, 2023 (Before LT0 = January 12, after LT0 = January 13)

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图 4 2022年1月12日观测到的夜间延庆地区钙原子数密度（其中LT0点之前属于1月12日，LT0点之后属于1月13日）

Figure 4. Calcium atomic density observed at night in Yanqing area on January 12, 2022 (Before LT0 = January 12, after LT0 =January 13)

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图 5 2023年1月13日22:13的钙原子数密度廓线

Figure 5. Calcium atomic density profile at 22:13 on January 13, 2023

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图 6 2023年1月13日19:40的钙原子数密度廓线

Figure 6. Calcium atomic density profile at 19:40 on January 13, 2023

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表 1 延庆与漠河钙原子观测激光雷达参数

Table 1. Calcium atom observation of LiDAR parameters in Yanqing and Mohe

Ca	延庆染料	延庆OPO	漠河OPO
经纬度	（116.0°E, 40.5°N）	（116.0°E, 40.5°N）	（122°E, 53°N）
脉冲能量/mJ	9	28～33	90
重复频率/Hz	30	15	15
望远镜直径/m	1.23	1.23	1.5
时间分辨率/min	0.55	1.1	1.1
空间分辨率/m	96	96	30
探测高度范围/km	393.408	1179.648	125.798

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表 2 其他台站的钙原子观测研究

Table 2. Calcium atom observations at other stations

文献	地理位置	观测时间	主要结论
Granier et al., 1989	法国 Observatoire de Haute Provence (44°N, 6°E)	1983—1984年 14个夜晚	钙原子峰值密度的均值约为22 cm⁻³
Gerding et al., 2000	德国 Kühlungsborn (54°N, 12°E)	1996-12—1998-12 Ca:112个夜晚	钙原子层季节变化特征：夏季密度最大，秋冬次大. 钙原子的峰值密度约为40 cm⁻³
Gerding et al., 2001	德国 Kühlungsborn (54°N, 12°E)	1997-03-04—1997-08-02 Ca:7个夜晚	钙原子平均密度约为17 cm⁻³

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