倾斜和加速度的地面地下观测对比分析

邵泉洋; 付广裕; 王赟

doi:10.19975/j.dqyxx.2023-011

倾斜和加速度的地面地下观测对比分析

doi: 10.19975/j.dqyxx.2023-011

中国地质大学（北京）地球物理与信息技术学院，北京 100083

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（U1839208，42150201，62127815）

详细信息

作者简介:
邵泉洋（2000-），男，在读直博生，主要从事旋转地震学的研究. E-mail：1871546259@qq.com

通讯作者:
王赟（1969-），男，教授，现从事地震各向异性理论与多分量地震技术的研究. E-mail：wangyun@cugb.edu.cn

中图分类号: P315
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-02-28
- 修回日期: 2023-06-25
- 录用日期: 2023-06-26
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-19
- 刊出日期: 2024-03-01

Comparative analysis of underground and ground-level tilt and acceleration

School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geoscience, Beijing 100083, China

Funds: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U1839208, 42150201, 62127815)

摘要

摘要: R-2型旋转地震仪可同时记录旋转三分量、MEMS加速度以及倾斜角度. 利用在淮南深地实验室地面和深部地下实施的两期连续观测数据，本文分析了地面和地下加速度与倾斜观测中背景噪声的差异. 结果表明：相比于地面，深地环境背景噪声干扰更弱，频谱上二者差异可达10 dB，说明深地环境具有低振动噪声的优势. 利用倾斜数据对MEMS加速度进行倾斜校正，校正前后的对比结果显示倾斜对加速度测量具有不可忽略的影响. 地倾斜信号的时频分析结果表明，相对于地表环境，深地环境有利于进行长周期微弱地球形变信号的检测. 本文还分析了固体潮信号观测的精度要求与现有仪器的不足，证明了在深地环境下进行高精度观测的必要性.
- 旋转地震仪 /
- 深地观测 /
- 倾斜 /
- 加速度
Abstract: The R-2 rotary seismograph can record rotating three components, MEMS acceleration, and tilt angle. In this study, the difference between ground acceleration and tilted background noise were analyzed using two phases of continuous observation data implemented in the ground and deep underground of the Huainan Deep Earth Laboratory. It was found that the deep earth environmental background interference was weaker, with background noise differences on the spectrum of up to 10 dB, showing that the Deep Earth Laboratory has superior conditions regarding low vibration and noise. The contrast before and after the skew correction of the MEMS acceleration using the tilt data revealed that the tilt had a non-negligible influence. The time-frequency analysis showed that the deep earth environment was favorable relative to the surface environment. The precision requirements of solid tide signal observations and shortcomings of existing instruments were also analyzed, proving the necessity of high precision observations in the deep earth environment.
- rotate the seismograph /
- deep observation /
- tilt /
- acceleration

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图 1 淮南深地实验室R-2地震仪观测点位分布（修改自陈畅等，2022）

Figure 1. Distribution of the R-2 seismometer observation sites in the Huainan Deep Earth Laboratory (modified from Chen et al., 2022)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 MEMS加速度时域信号地面地下对比（蓝色为地面数据，红色为地下数据）

Figure 2. Comparison of MEMS acceleration time domain signal between ground data (blue) and underground data (red)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 倾斜数据波形图地面地下对比（E方向、N方向、Z方向）. （a）为地面观测的原始倾斜数据；（b）为地下观测的原始倾斜数据；（c）为去均值后的结果. 蓝色为地面的倾斜数据，红色为地下的倾斜数据

Figure 3. Comparison of tilt data wave graph between the ground and the underground (E direction, N direction, Z direction). (a) Shows the original tilt data observed on the gound; (b) Shows the original tilt data observed on the undergound; (c) Shows the results after removing the mean. Blue is the tilt data of the ground and red is the tilt data of the ground

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 MEMS加速度和倾斜数据功率谱对比. （a）为MEMS；（b）为倾斜；地面数据：红色为E方向，绿色为N方向，蓝色为Z方向；地下数据：粉色为E方向，黄色为N方向，黑色为Z方向

Figure 4. Power spectrum comparison of the MEMS acceleration and tilt data. (a) MEMS; (b) Tilt. Ground data: red is the E direction, green is the N direction, blue is the Z direction; Ground data: pink is the E direction, yellow is the N direction, black is the Z direction

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 倾斜数据波形显示（2021年5月26日至6月9日）

Figure 5. Tilt data waveform display (May 26 to June 9, 2021)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 倾斜数据校正前后对比，红色为倾斜校正前数据，蓝色为校正后数据

Figure 6. Comparisons of tilt data before and after correction, red indicates tilt pre-corrected data and blue indicates corrected data

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 地下倾斜数据时域信号（2020年4月1日至4月11日）

Figure 7. Time domain signal of underground tilt data (April 1 to April 11, 2020)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 地下倾斜数据相对变化时域信号（2020年4月1日至4月11日）

Figure 8. Time domain signal variation of the underground tilt data (April 1 to April 11, 2020)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 地下倾斜固体潮数据理论变化时域信号（2020年4月1日至4月11日）

Figure 9. Theoretical variation of the time domain signal of the underground tilt solid tide data (April 1 to April 11, 2020)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 地下倾斜数据时域变化（2020年3月31日至5月14日，对应农历三月初七至四月二十二）

Figure 10. Time domain variation of the underground tilt data (March 31 to May 14, 2020, corresponding to the seventh day of March to the twentieth day of April in the lunar calendar)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 地面地下Z方向倾斜数据波形对比图

Figure 11. Comparison of the waveform of the ground and underground Z-direction tilt data

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 地下倾斜换算的旋转速率（LA）与真实旋转速率时域信号对比（EH）

Figure 12. Time domain signal comparison between the rotation rate of underground tilt conversion (LA) and the real rotation rate (EH)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 地下倾斜换算的旋转速率（LA）与真实旋转速率振幅谱对比（EH）

Figure 13. Comparison of the amplitude spectrum between the rotation rate of underground tilt conversion (LA) and the real rotation rate (EH)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 R-2地震仪主要性能参数（旋转）

Table 1. Main performance parameters of the R-2 seismograph (rotation)

性能参数	R-2
输出数据通道	X、Y、Z rotational
分辨率	6×10⁻⁸ rad/s at 1 Hz
自噪声功率谱	−125 dB (rel. 1 rad/s²/√Hz)
频率范围	0.033～50 Hz
温度范围	−15℃～55 ℃
电压供应范围	10～18 V

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 R-2地震仪MEMS加速度和倾斜主要性能参数

Table 2. Main performance parameters of the MEMS acceleration and tilt of the R-2 seismographs

性能参数	MEMS +TILT
输出数据通道	MEMS/TILT E N Z
可以选择的采样频率	125, 250, 500, 1000 Hz/1, 10, 20, 100 s
输入电压	± 20 V
功率消耗	< 2 W (rec, 6 ch, Еtherneton)
存储容量	32 GB FAT32/EXT4
存储格式	miniSEED
温度范围	−40°C～85°C

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 有效观测时段

Table 3. Statistics of the effective observation duration

位置	仪器类型		第一期观测时间范围（UTC+8）	第二期观测时间范围（UTC+8）
地下	R-2 (221)	倾斜仪	2020-03-30 8:00—2021-05-15 10:00	2021-05-25 8:00—2021-06-09 8:00
		MEMS加速器	2020-03-30 16:00—17:00	2021-05-25 8:00—2021-06-09 8:00
		旋转地震计	2020-03-30 16:00—17:00	2021-05-25 8:00—2021-06-09 8:00
地面	R-2 (220)	倾斜仪	2020-01-20 12:00—2020-01-22 13:00	2021-05-26 8:00—2021-06-11 8:00
		MEMS加速器	2020-01-20 12:00—2020-01-22 13:00	2021-05-26 8:00—2021-06-11 8:00
		旋转地震计	2020-01-20 12:00—2020-01-22 13:00	2021-05-26 8:00—2021-06-11 8:00

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 MEMS加速度数据倾斜校正前后对比

Table 4. Comparison of the MEMS acceleration data

仪器型号	方向	状态	平均值/g	差值/g	改变幅度
221地下	E	校正前	−0.005863
	E	校正后	0.015382	0.021245	−362.36%
	N	校正前	0.012756
	N	校正后	0.023152	0.023152	181.50%
	Z	校正前	0.98641
	Z	校正后	0.98612	−0.00029	−0.03%
220地面	E	校正前	−0.07098
	E	校正后	−0.040716	0.030264	−42.64%
	N	校正前	0.029821
	N	校正后	0.14623	0.116409	390.36%
	Z	校正前	0.97245
	Z	校正后	0.96361	−0.00884	−0.91%

下载: 导出CSV

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