Meteor radar prototype testing and data quality comparison analysis for Chinese Meridian Project (Phase II)
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摘要: 子午工程二期将在分布于全国的10个观测站点建设流星雷达. 为了带动国内空间环境地基观测技术的发展，工程建设项目指挥部布局了流星雷达的国产化专项行动. 为了确保建成后的设备满足使用要求，工程总体组织了设备样机测试，包括设备的技术指标测试和数据质量评估. 根据技术指标测试，发现技术指标满足要求. 获得数据之后，以EMDR流星雷达数据为参考，对样机的数据进行质量评估. 主要对比参数包括有效流星计数、流星数时空分布、扩散系数高度分布、风场随高度的分布和随时间的变化等. 本文主要展示了数据质量评估的结果，揭示了流星雷达观测的一些基本特征和规律，为数据准确性的评估提供参考和借鉴.Abstract: The Chinese Meridian Project (Phase Ⅱ) will deploy 10 meteor radar systems in China. To promote the advancement of domestic ground-based observation technologies, the project managing headquarters are engaged in a special campaign for the localization of meteor radar production. To ensure that the domestically manufactured product meets the requirements, prototype testing was carried out, including a technique indicator test and data quality evaluation. According to the results of the field technique indicator test, the prototype fully met the requirements. Further, the data quality was evaluated using the EMDR meteor radar data as a reference. The main comparison parameters included valid meteor count, space-time distribution of meteor number, height distribution of diffusion coefficient, and distribution of wind field at varying height and time. This study mainly explains data quality evaluation results, revealing some basic characteristics and laws of meteor radar observation, in an attempt to testify the capability of the prototype and provide a reference for future meteor radar data quality evaluation.
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Key words:
- Meridian Project /
- meteor radar /
- prototype testing /
- data quality
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图 2 黄陂站和样机测试地点的风场模拟结果（左：黄陂，中：样机测试地点，右：二者之差）. EW：风场东西分量；NS：风场南北分量；HP：黄陂；CD：蔡甸；delta：两者之差
Figure 2. Wind field simulation results from the Huangpi station and prototype test site (left: Huangpi, middle: prototype test site, right: the difference between the two)
图 3 发射机馈线端口处的频谱（左）及设备正常工作时的辐射频谱（右）
Figure 3. Spectrum generated at the transmitter feeder port (left), and the radiation spectrum for the equipment under normal use (right)
图 4 样机（a）和EMDR（b）观测到的每日有效流星数量
Figure 4. Meteor numbers per day observed by the prototype (a) and EMDR (b)
图 5 样机（a）和EMDR（b）观测到的有效流星数量时间分布
Figure 5. Time distribution of the meteor numbers observed by the prototype (a) and EMDR (b)
图 6 2021年12月26日，样机和EMDR观测到的有效流星全天空分布（a, b）和数量的方位分布（c, d）
Figure 6. Sky scatter distribution of meteors (a, b) and the azimuth distribution of meteor numbers (c, d), observed by the prototype and EMDR on December 26, 2021
图 7 2021年12月26日，样机（a）和EMDR（b）观测到的有效流星数量高度分布
Figure 7. Height distribution of meteor numbers observed by the prototype (a) and EMDR (b) on December 26, 2021
图 8 2021年12月26日，样机（a）和EMDR（b）解算的扩散系数的高度分布
Figure 8. Height distribution of diffusion coefficients calculated by the prototype (a) and EMDR (b) on December 26, 2021
图 9 样机观测到的纬向风（a）和经向风（b）和EMDR的纬向风和经向风的偏差（样机 - EMDR）.
Figure 9. Absolute deviation between the zonal (a) and meridional wind (b) observed by the prototype and the zonal and meridional wind observed by EMDR
图 10 样机观测到的纬向风（a）和经向风（b）和EMDR的纬向风和经向风的相关性
Figure 10. Correlation between the zonal (a) and meridional wind (b) observed by the prototype and the zonal wind and meridional wind observed by EMDR
图 11 2021年12月26日，样机和EMDR观测到的纬向风（a, b）和经向风（d, e），以及二者之间的差（c, f，样机减EMDR）
Figure 11. Zonal (a, b) and meridional wind (d, e) observed by the prototype and EMDR, and the difference between them (c, f; the prototype minus EMDR) on December 26, 2021
图 12 地球公转和自转共同决定流星数分布
Figure 12. Earth's revolution and rotation jointly determine the distribution of meteor numbers
图 14 样机和EMDR的优化前的回波事件分类结果（a, c）和优化后的结果（b, d）
Figure 14. Pre-optimization echo event classification results of the prototype and EMDR (a, c) and post-optimization results (b, d)
表 1 子午工程流星雷达站点分布
Table 1. Distribution of meteor radar stations in the Meridian Project
站点 经度 纬度 备注 蒲江站 103.62°E 30.31°N 二期站点 昌平十三陵站 116.18°E 40.29°N 二期站点 桂林叠彩站 110.34°E 25.34°N 二期站点 博罗站 114.48°E 23.49°N 二期站点 威海文登站 121.79°E 37.18°N 二期站点 宾川站 100.61°E 25.63°N 二期站点 那曲色尼站 92.25°E 31.62°N 二期站点 榆中站 104.22°E 35.98°N 二期站点 伽师站 76.78°E 39.56°N 二期站点 库尔勒站 86.32°E 41.62°N 二期站点 漠河站 122.34°E 53.48°N 一期站点，进口设备 黄陂站 114.45°E 31.01°N 一期站点，进口设备 
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表 2 EMDR流星雷达和样机的主要设计指标
Table 2. Main design indexes of EMDR meteor radar and the prototype
EMDR 样机 工作频率 38.9 MHz 39.0 MHz 峰值功率 20 kW 24 kW 波束宽度（3 dB） 70° 70° 接收机带宽 75 kHz 75 kHz 接收机灵敏度 −100 dBm −100 dBm
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表 3 样机主要指标项的测试结果
Table 3. Test results of the main prototype indicators
指标项 测试结果 工作频率（发射） 39 MHz，带宽0.6 MHz 峰值功率 28.2 kW 接收机灵敏度 −117.9 dBm 接收机动态范围 75.9 dB 接收通道相位一致性 0.068°（补偿后） 接收通道幅度一致性 0.003 dB（补偿后） 发射驻波比 通道1:1.07；通道2:1.13
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