InSAR揭示的青藏高原近期正断型地震形变特征与指示意义

邱江涛; 孙建宝

doi:10.19975/j.dqyxx.2022-079

InSAR揭示的青藏高原近期正断型地震形变特征与指示意义

doi: 10.19975/j.dqyxx.2022-079

邱江涛^{1, 3,},
孙建宝^{1, 2}

1.
中国地震局地质研究所，北京 100029
2.
西藏拉萨地球物理国家野外科学观测研究站，北京 100029
3.
中国地震局第二监测中心，西安 710054

基金项目: 西藏拉萨地球物理国家野外科学观测研究站项目资助（NORSLS20-09）

详细信息

作者简介:
邱江涛（1988-），男，博士研究生，高级工程师，主要从事InSAR地震与地壳形变方面的研究. E-mail：jiangtao_q@sina.com

中图分类号: P228, P315
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- 文章访问数: 37
- HTML全文浏览量: 16
- PDF下载量: 15
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-14
- 录用日期: 2023-02-14
- 修回日期: 2023-02-10
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-21

Characteristics of normal-fault earthquake deformation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau revealed by InSAR

Qiu Jiangtao^{1, 3
,},
Sun Jianbao^{1, 2}

1.
Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China
2.
The Lhasa, Tibet Geophysical National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Beijing 100029, China
3.
The Second Monitoring and Application Center, China Earthquake Administration, Xi'an 710054, China

Funds: Supported by the Lhasa, Tibet Geophysical National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station Project (Grant No. NORSLS20-09)

摘要

摘要: 正断层在青藏高原的隆升扩展演化中发挥了重要作用. 本文使用InSAR技术处理Sentinel-1 SAR影像数据获得了2020至2021年发生在青藏高原内部3次正断型地震的同震形变场. 基于Okada弹性位错模型和形变场信息反演了断层几何参数和断层面滑动分布，精确地确定了发震断层位置. 研究结果显示高原内部的这些正断型地震均以正断层活动方式为主，但还兼有一定的走滑运动；发震断层主要为倾角<60°的次级隐伏断层，且均为浅源地震，滑动分布主要集中在12 km以上. 结合地球物理资料，我们分析认为正断型地震广泛分布在青藏高原中部和南部弥散型地块内，不局限于半地堑构造相关地区，并且正断型地震的发生更依赖于伸展环境中的重力势能. 伴随正断层活动的走滑运动也反映了青藏高原内部物质向东运移的运动学和动力学特征.
- 青藏高原 /
- 正断地震 /
- InSAR /
- 形变特征
Abstract: The north-south convergence and east-west extension of the Tibet Plateau are accommodated by a series of active strike-slip and normal faults, and normal-fault earthquakes are very active in the plateau. During 2020 to 2021, there were three normal-fault earthquakes, namely, the Dingri M_S5.9 (2020-03-20), Biru M_S6.1 (2021-03-19), and Shuanghu M_S5.81 (2021-03-30) earthquakes. These three earthquakes were evenly distributed in the middle and southern parts of the plateau, which provides a favorable case for us to study the seismic deformation characteristics using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technology.We used InSAR technology and Sentinel-1 SAR image data to generate the coseismic deformation field of the three normal-fault earthquakes in the Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that the normal-fault earthquakes in the plateau were not pure normal-fault types, and the coseismic deformation field showed both subsidence deformation and strike-slip deformation. Based on the Okada elastic dislocation model and the coseismic deformation fields, we constrained and inverted the geometric parameters and the slip distribution of the fault plane to accurately determine the locations of the seismogenic faults. The seismogenic faults were mainly secondary concealed faults with dip angles < 60°, all of which were shallow earthquakes. The slip distribution was mainly concentrated within 12 km. Combined with geophysical recognition, we inferred that normal-fault earthquakes are widely distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and not limited to areas related to half-graben structure, and that the occurrence of normal-fault earthquakes largely depends on the gravitational potential energy in the extensional environment.
- Qinghai-Tibet /
- normal-fault earthquake /
- InSAR /
- deformation characteristics

HTML全文

图 1 青藏高原及周边地区的地震活动与构造分布图. 地震数据（红色圆点）和3个正断型地震的震源机制解来自国家地震科学数据中心https://data.earthquake.cn/index.html，断层数据（灰色细线为断层迹线，蓝线是地块边界，浅蓝色为块体边界）来自地震活动断层探察数据中心 https://activefault-datacenter.cn

Figure 1. Seismic activity and tectonic distribution map of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 定日地震震中附近地形与构造图

Figure 2. Topography and tectonic map near the epicenter of the Dingri earthquake

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图 3 定日地震InSAR形变场和模拟结果. 第一行为升轨A12的结果，第二行为降轨D121的结果. （a, e）分别为未解缠的原始干涉图；（b, f）分别为转为地表位移的同震形变图；（c, g）分别为模拟的形变场；（d, h）分别为观测值与模拟值的残差. 正值表示远离卫星的运动，负值表示靠近卫星的运动，红线表示模拟断层的地表迹线，灰线表示已知的断层迹线

Figure 3. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) coseismic deformation fields and fitting results of the Dingri earthquake in ascending and descending orbits

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图 4 定日地震断层滑动分布图

Figure 4. Fault-slip distribution of the Dingri earthquake

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图 5 比如地震震中附近地形与构造图

Figure 5. Topography and tectonic map near the epicenter of the Biru earthquake

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图 6 比如地震InSAR形变场和模拟结果. 第一行为升轨A143的结果，第二行为降轨D77的结果. （a, e）分别为未解缠的原始干涉图；（b, f）分别为转为地表位移的同震形变图；（c, g）分别为模拟的形变场；（d, h）分别为观测值与模拟值的残差. 正值表示远离卫星的运动，负值表示靠近卫星的运动，红线表示模拟断层的地表迹线，灰线表示已知的断层迹线

Figure 6. InSAR coseismic deformation fields and fitting results of the Biru earthquake in ascending and descending orbits

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图 7 比如地震同震滑动分布图

Figure 7. Fault-slip distribution of the Biru earthquake

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图 8 双湖地震震中附近地形与构造图

Figure 8. Topography and tectonic map near the epicenter of the Shuanghu earthquake

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图 9 双湖地震InSAR形变场和模拟结果. 第一行为升轨A114的结果，第二行为降轨D121的结果. （a, e）分别为未解缠的原始干涉图；（b, f）分别为转为地表位移的同震形变图；（c, g）分别为模拟的形变场；（d, h）分别为观测值与模拟值的残差. 正值表示远离卫星的运动，负值表示靠近卫星的运动，红线表示模拟断层的地表迹线，灰线表示已知的断层迹线

Figure 9. InSAR coseismic deformation fields and fitting results of the Shuanghu earthquake in ascending and descending orbits

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图 10 双湖地震同震滑动分布图

Figure 10. Fault-slip distribution of the Shuanghu earthquake

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表 1 2020年3月20日定日地震震源参数

Table 1. Focal parameters of the 2020-03-20 Dingri earthquake

机构	震级	震源位置			断层面解1	断层面解2
机构	震级	经度/(°)	纬度/(°)	深度/km	走向/倾向/滑动角/(°)	走向/倾向/滑动角/(°)
CENS	M_S5.9	87.42	28.63	10	160/47/-97	—
USGS	M_W5.5	87.308	28.590	10	180/ 42/ -77	343 /49/ -101
GCMT	M_W5.7	87.42	28.51	12	184/ 47 /-77	345/45/-103
IPGP	M_W5.6	87.321	28.601	7	207/ 59/-75	360/34/-114
本文	M_W5.1～5.3	87.40	28.68	3	—	319/44/-76

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 覆盖2020年3月20日定日地震的Sentinel-1影像信息

Table 2. Sentinel-1 image information covering the 2020-03-20 Dingri earthquake

飞行方向	轨道号	主影像日期	辅影像日期	空间基线/m	时间基线/天
升轨	12	2020-03-08	2020-03-20	−19.28	12
降轨	121	2020-03-16	2020-03-28	26.86	12

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 2021年3月19日比如地震震源参数

Table 3. Focal parameters of the 2021-03-19 Biru earthquake

机构	震级	震源位置			断层面解1	断层面解2
机构	震级	经度/(°)	纬度/(°)	深度/km	走向/倾向/滑动角/(°)	走向/倾向/滑动角/(°)
CENS	M_S6.1	92.74	31.94	10	12/42/-121	—
USGS	M_W5.7	92.915	31.925	8	17/ 37/ -113	225 /56/ -74
GCMT	M_W5.8	92.92	31.84	19.4	7/43/-103	232/ 56 /-61
IPGP	M_W5.7	92.899	31.906	10	353/50/-144	238/ 63 /-47
本文	M_W5.6～5.7	92.88	31.95	6	—	229/54/-99

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 覆盖2021年3月19日比如地震的Sentinel-1影像信息

Table 4. Sentinel-1 image information covering the 2021-03-19 Biru earthquake

飞行方向	轨道号	主影像日期	辅影像日期	空间基线/m	时间基线/天
升轨	143	2021-03-12	2021-03-24	−24.59	12
降轨	77	2021-03-07	2021-03-19	−42.37	12

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表 5 2021年3月30日双湖地震震源参数

Table 5. Focal parameters of the 2021-03-30 Shuanghu earthquake

机构	震级	震源位置			断层面解1	断层面解2
机构	震级	经度/(°)	纬度/(°)	深度/km	走向/倾向/滑动角/(°)	走向/倾向/滑动角/(°)
CENS	M_S5.8	87.68	34.38	10	203/39/-72
USGS	M_W5.5	87.692	34.355	8	48/51/-48	173/55/-129
GCMT	M_W5.7	87.70	34.32	16.7	34/42/-62	178/54/-113
IPGP	M_W5.65	87.719	34.352	8	360/34/-114	207/59/-75
本文	M_W5.5～5.6	87.68	34.36	4	47/54/-56

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 覆盖2021年3月30日双湖地震的Sentinel-1影像信息

Table 6. Sentinel-1 image information covering the 2021-03-30 Shuanghu earthquake

飞行方向	轨道号	主影像日期	辅影像日期	空间基线/m	时间基线/天
升轨	114	2021-03-22	2021-04-03	13.12	12
降轨	121	2021-03-23	2021-04-04	−21.39	12

下载: 导出CSV

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