• ISSN 2097-1893
  • CN 10-1855/P

气象卫星大气导风研究进展和未来展望

周润东 夏攀 张晓虎 徐娜 闵敏

引用本文: 周润东,夏攀,张晓虎,徐娜,闵敏. 2024. 气象卫星大气导风研究进展和未来展望. 地球与行星物理论评(中英文),55(2):184-194
Zhou R D, Xia P, Zhang X H, Xu N, Min M. 2024. Research progress and prospects of atmospheric motion vector based on meteorological satellite images. Reviews of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, 55(2): 184-194 (in Chinese)

气象卫星大气导风研究进展和未来展望

doi: 10.19975/j.dqyxx.2022-077
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(42175086,41975031);许健民气象卫星创新中心资助专项(FY-APP-ZX-2022.0207);广东省气候变化与自然灾害研究重点实验室资助项目(2020B1212060025);中山大学基础研究资助项目(22qntd1913)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    周润东(2001-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事静止卫星大气导风研究. E-mail:zhourd@mail2.sysu.edu.cn

    通讯作者:

    夏攀(1999-),男,博士研究生,主要从事气象卫星中尺度导风研究. E-mail:1136382869@qq.com

  • 中图分类号: P412.27, P405

Research progress and prospects of atmospheric motion vector based on meteorological satellite images

Funds: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42175086, 41975031), the FengYun Meteorological Satellite Innovation Foundation (Grant No. FY-APP-ZX-2022.0207), the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies (Grant No. 2020B1212060025), and the Basic Research Project of Sun Yat-sen University (Grant No. 22qntd1913)
  • 摘要: 本文主要回顾了气象卫星导风的发展历程并对未来发展方向进行了阐述. 引言部分首先回顾发展历程并介绍了导风发展史上的一些里程碑事件,分别对中国、美国、欧洲以及日本的气象卫星导风情况进行了简要介绍. 第一节详细总结了多种传统气象卫星导风算法的特点和关键技术,介绍了交叉相关法、形态辨认法以及亚像元法. 此外,还描述了五种较为常用的高度指定算法,对传统导风追踪算法以及高度指定算法的原理进行了详细地描述. 第二节归纳了最近几年基于计算机视觉和机器学习技术发展起来的多种新体制的气象卫星导风产品,分别介绍了光流法、三维导风以及中尺度导风的优势和研究背景. 最后,对比了传统与新型气象卫星各种导风算法的优缺点,展望了未来的发展趋势和应用前景. 特别是指出光流法导风有着空间分辨率高、三维导风能得到更多层风场的信息、中尺度导风则能对特殊天气如热带气旋实现高时空分辨率的观测的优势,并提出三维导风与中尺度导风的应用研究将是未来重要发展方向.

     

  • 图  1  我国风云系列静止气象卫星大气导风产品的发展历程. 图片右上角数字为图像通道波长;红、绿、蓝三色分别代表高、中、低层的导风矢量

    Figure  1.  Development history of the AMV product of China's Fengyun geostationary series meteorological satellites. Number in the upper right corner of each picture indicates wavelength (μm); red, green, and blue vectors represent the wind vectors at the high, middle, and low layers of the atmosphere, respectively

    图  2  交叉相关法获取气象卫星风矢量示意图

    Figure  2.  Diagram of retrieving wind vector by cross-correlation method

    图  3  亚像元法示意图(修改自Bresky et al., 2012

    Figure  3.  Schematic diagram of nested tracking method (modified from Bresky et al., 2012)

    图  4  基于(a)交叉相关法与(b)光流法反演的风场(韩雷等,2008

    Figure  4.  Wind fields retrieved by (a) cross-correlation and (b) optical flow methods (Han et al., 2008)

    图  5  2018年7月10日12:00 UTC的(a)风云四号静止卫星红外高光谱探测器大气三维导风与(b)日本葵花8号静止卫星成像仪传统导风资料量的对比(马峥,2022

    Figure  5.  Comparison of 3D wind fields from (a) FY-4A/GIIRS and (b) traditional AMV from the Himawari-8 geostationary satellite imager at 12:00 UTC on July 10, 2018 (Ma, 2022)

    图  6  2002年美国堪萨斯州东北部上空的中尺度导风. 绿色、蓝色、紫色分别表示1000~700 hPa、700~400 hPa、400~100 hPa层内的矢量导风. 蓝色箭头突出了成熟对流附近的中对流层分流(Bedka and Mecikalski, 2005

    Figure  6.  Mesoscale AMVs in northeast Kansas in 2002; green, blue, and purple AMV barbs represent AMVs at 1000-700 hPa, 700-400 hPa, and 400-100 hPa layers, respectively. Blue arrows highlight mid-tropospheric diffluence in the vicinity of the mature convection (Bedka and Mecikalski, 2005)

    表  1  气象卫星导风反演方法对比

    Table  1.   Comparison of traditional and new AMV algorithms

    方法优点缺点
    传统导风方法 CC法 实现简单,精确,
    空间分辨率较低
    耗费算力较大
    模型识别法 适用范围广 精度不够高
    亚像元法 降低慢速偏差,提高空间分辨率 耗费算力较大
    新型导风方法 光流法 计算速度快,得出风场较平滑,能追踪风速大的矢量,分辨率高 耗费算力较大
    三维导风 能得到多层导风,数据信息量巨大 时间频次较低,对红外高光谱探测器定标精度要求较高
    中尺度导风 能够得到高时空分辨率导风产品 空间覆盖范围有限
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-12-09
  • 修回日期:  2023-01-17
  • 录用日期:  2023-01-21
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-02-10
  • 刊出日期:  2024-03-01

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