Recent advances in distributed acoustic sensing applications for seismic imaging
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摘要: 分布式光纤地震传感技术是新一代密集台阵观测技术，其利用光纤在地震波场作用下产生的光时程变化，探测地下介质的动态应变信号. 其具有空间采样率高、恶劣条件耐受性强、运维成本低等优势，适用于城市、海洋、深井、冰川等传统地震学观测手段较难开展工作的环境. 本文围绕该技术在地球内部结构成像研究中的应用，调研了从浅表数米到莫霍面深度等不同尺度成像的研究进展，其利用信号为从地脉动到高频交通噪声等多频段被动源和不同级别的主动源. 文章同时分析了该技术面临的一些挑战，包括信号质量和信号保真度、海量数据处理和波场信息挖掘、海量数据存储和共享分析等，由此建议，须开展主被动源高分辨率动态成像、仪器传递函数计算及其校正方法、大数据有效信息挖掘等研究，从而更好地服务于高密度、高精度的光纤传感地震成像研究.
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关键词:
- 分布式光纤地震传感技术 /
- 地震层析成像 /
- 面波 /
- 体波
Abstract: Distributed fiber-optic seismic sensing is a next-generation seismic acquisition technology. It records dynamic strain based on the phase change of back-scattered Rayleigh light caused by incident seismic waves. This method generates a dense record of the seismic wavefield using optic fibers which are durable in extreme environments and have low maintenance costs. Consequently, it has been widely used for surveys of urban areas, the ocean bottom, boreholes, and glaciers. In this study, we focus on its applications in seismic imaging and the monitoring of seismic velocity change. Previous studies have employed both passive and active sources to explore structures ranging from near-surface depths to the Moho. Although impressive achievements have been made, the research community still faces challenges such as data quality, signal fidelity, storage, processing, and information mining of large data volumes. Therefore, active and passive high-resolution 4D imaging, instrument transfer function calculation, and effective big data mining should be conducted as part of future studies to achieve high-density and high-precision seismic imaging with this fiber-optic sensing technology.-
Key words:
- distributed fiber-optic seismic sensing /
- seismic tomography /
- surface wave /
- body wave
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图 1 DFSS主要应用场景示意图（修改自Lindsey and Martin, 2021）
Figure 1. Typical environments where DFSS is applied (modified from Lindsey and Martin, 2021)
图 2 城市通信光缆沿线速度结构图（修改自Song et al., 2021c）
Figure 2. Diagram of 2D velocity structure created using data acquired along a telecom fiber-optic cable (modified from Song et al., 2021c)
图 3 井中DFSS噪声数据提取的P波信号（修改自
Lellouch et al., 2019 ），灰色虚线表示3200 m/s的P波理论到时Figure 3. P-wave signals emerging on a section of the recorded noise cross-correlation function in SAFOD (modified from Lellouch et al., 2019); the gray line depicts the average 3200 m/s P wave velocity
图 4 断层散射波（FZSW）产生机理及观测实例（修改自包丰等，2022）.（a）FZSW产生机理；（b）实际观测的FZSW震相（黑色虚线），并推测断层位置
Figure 4. Sketch showing fault-zone scattering wave and FZSWs emerging on a seismic wavefield recorded in Menyuan, China (modified from Bao et al., 2022)
图 5 大容量气枪震源观测实例（修改自Song et al., 2021b），虚线分别表示P波和S波理论到时
Figure 5. Record-section of a large-volume airgun signal, recorded by a telecom fiber-optic cable (modified from Song et al., 2021b)
图 6 河流水位与速度变化对比图（修改自Rodríguez Tribaldos and Ajo-Franklin, 2021）
Figure 6. River stage vs. seismic velocity changes (modified from Rodríguez Tribaldos and Ajo-Franklin, 2021)
图 7 不同布设方式光缆记录的交通噪声信号波形差异（修改自林融冰等，2022），图 (a-c)分别为水泥固结、路面摆放和悬空
Figure 7. Traffic signals recorded by cables installed using three different methods (modified from Lin et al., 2022)
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