地幔过渡带间断面结构地震学成像研究进展

俞春泉; 李娟; 杨凡; 张炎

doi:10.19975/j.dqyxx.2022-034

地幔过渡带间断面结构地震学成像研究进展

doi: 10.19975/j.dqyxx.2022-034

俞春泉^{1, 2, 3, ,},
李娟^{4, 5},
杨凡^{4, 5},
张炎¹

1.
南方科技大学地球与空间科学系，深圳 518055
2.
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（广州），广州 511458
3.
广东省地球物理高精度成像技术重点实验室（南方科技大学），深圳 518055
4.
中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所地球与行星物理院重点实验室，北京 100029
5.
中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院，北京 100049

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（42174058，92155307，42074063，41774065）；南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（广州）人才团队引进重大专项（GML2019ZD0203）；广东省地球物理高精度成像技术重点实验室（2022B1212010002）

详细信息

通讯作者:
俞春泉（1985-），男，副教授，主要从事地震学、地球内部结构成像研究. E-mail：yucq@sustech.edu.cn

中图分类号: P315
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-15
- 修回日期: 2022-06-26
- 录用日期: 2022-06-28
- 网络出版日期: 2022-07-07
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-01

Advances in seismic imaging of mantle transition zone discontinuities

Yu Chunquan^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
Li Juan^{4, 5},
Yang Fan^{4, 5},
Zhang Yan¹

1.
Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
2.
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
3.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geophysical High-resolution Imaging Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
4.
Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029, China
5.
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Funds: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42174058, 92155307, 42074063, 41774065), Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) (Grant No. GML2019ZD0203), and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geophysical High-resolution Imaging Technology (Grant No. 2022B1212010002)

摘要

摘要: 地幔过渡带位于410-km和660-km两个地震学间断面之间，是深入认识地球内部温度结构、物质组成以及动力学演化过程的关键区域. 地幔过渡带的上下界面分别对应橄榄石到瓦兹利石和林伍德石到布里奇曼石和铁方镁石的矿物相变. 本文总结了地幔过渡带间断面结构的主要地震学研究方法以及研究进展. 这些方法包括SS和PP前驱波方法、接收函数方法、ScS多次反射波方法、P'P'前驱波方法、三重震相波形模拟方法、背景噪声体波干涉成像方法等. 总体而言，地幔过渡带的厚度与地幔过渡带速度在大尺度结构上存在正相关性，表明两者都主要受控于温度结构，与橄榄石矿物相变预测一致. 然而，地震学观测得到的410-km和660-km间断面的绝对深度和几何形态则缺乏相关性，可能是由于地幔过渡带上下界面处的横向温度变化特征并不一致或者由于水含量和化学成分等差异所导致. 410-km和660-km间断面的强度（包括速度、密度和波阻抗跳跃值）和宽度主要受到地幔过渡带化学成分和水含量的影响. 一些地震学研究还探测到了地幔过渡带内部的520-km和560-km间断面，前者被认为由瓦兹利石到林伍德石的相变所导致，而后者可能与钙-钙钛矿从超硅石榴子石中出溶有关. 地幔过渡带附近的低速层可能与过渡带物质进入上下地幔发生脱水熔融存在一定联系. 尽管地幔过渡带研究取得了长足进展，但仍有许多重要科学问题悬而未决. 精确可靠的地幔过渡带地震学成像结果可以为这些问题提供关键信息，但同时也需要与矿物物理学、地球动力学、地球化学等学科交叉融合. 本文最后对未来的地幔过渡带地震学研究方向进行了展望.
- 地幔过渡带 /
- 410-km和660-km 间断面 /
- 地震学成像 /
- 地幔温度 /
- 地幔成分 /
- 矿物相变
Abstract: Located between the 410-km and 660-km discontinuities, the mantle transition zone is the key region for understanding the thermal and chemical structure and the dynamic evolution of the Earth’s mantle. The top and bottom boundaries of the mantle transition zone correspond to mineral phase transitions from olivine to wadsleyite and ringwoodite to bridgmanite and ferropericlase, respectively. This paper summarizes the main seismological methods for studying and related research progress of the mantle transition zone discontinuities. These methods include SS and PP precursors, receiver functions, ScS reverberations, P'P' precursors, waveform modeling of seismic triplications, reflected body waves retrieved from ambient noise interferometry, etc. Overall, there is a positive correlation between the thickness of the mantle transition zone and velocity perturbations in the mantle transition zone on the large-scale structure, indicating that they are both mainly controlled by mantle temperature, consistent with the prediction of olivine phase transitions. However, the lack of negative correlation between 410-km and 660-km discontinuity topography, which is expected from olivine phase transitions, suggests that either the thermal structure is not coherent across the mantle transition zone vertically or there are lateral varitions in water content or mantle chemical composition. The strength (including velocity, density and impedance jumps) and width of the 410-km and 660-km discontinuities are mainly controlled by the chemical composition and water content of the mantle transition zone. Some studies also detected 520-km and 560-km discontinuities within the mantle transition zone, which might be caused by the phase transition from wadsleyite to ringwoodite and the exsolution of calcium-perovskite from majorite, respectively. The seismically detected low-velocity zones above and below the mantle transition zone may be related to the dehydration melting caused by hydrated mantle transition zone material entering the low water-solubility upper and lower mantle. Although great progresses have been made, many important scientific questions related with the mantle transition zone remain unsolved. Accurate and reliable seismic imaging of the mantle transition zone provides crucial information for understanding these questions. Multidisciplinary studies integrating seismology, mineral physics, geodynamics and geochemistry are also needed. Finally, this paper discusses some future seismological research directions of the mantle transition zone.
- mantle transition zone /
- 410-km and 660-km discontinuities /
- seismic imaging /
- mantle temperature /
- mantle composition /
- phase transition

HTML全文

图 1 地球内部0～1000 km深度范围内（a）地震波速度和密度结构和（b）矿物体积分数. 地震波速度和密度结构基于AK135参考模型（Kennett et al., 1995）. 矿物体积分数基于Pyrolite地幔岩模型（修改自Frost, 2008）

Figure 1. (a) Wavespeed and density profiles and (b) volume fractions of minerals in the upper 1000 km of the Earth's interior. P and S wavespeeds and density are from the AK135 reference model (Kennett et al., 1995). Volume fractions of minerals are based on the Pyrolite model (modified from Frost, 2008)

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图 2 地幔过渡带间断面结构主要地震学成像方法射线路径示意图

Figure 2. Ray paths of major seismic phases used for imaging mantle transition zone discontinuities

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图 3 对比四个研究组基于SS前驱波方法得到的全球410-km和660-km间断面深度以及地幔过渡带厚度分布（Guo and Zhou, 2020; Houser et al., 2008; Lawrence and Shearer, 2008; Waszek et al., 2021）. 为了更好地对比，所有结果都只保留了球谐函数角序数20阶以内的信号. 最后一行为S40RTS模型在地幔过渡带内平均S波速度异常值（Ritsema et al., 2011）与以上四个模型中410-km和660-km间断面深度以及地幔过渡带厚度在不同角序数下的相关系数

Figure 3. A comparison of 410-km and 660-km discontinuity depths and mantle transition zone thickness measured using SS precursors from four different studies (Guo and Zhou, 2020; Houser et al., 2008; Lawrence and Shearer, 2008; Waszek et al., 2021). For better comparison, all results are filtered to angular degrees ≤20. The last row shows the correlation coefficients at each angular degree between averaged mantle transition zone shear-wave velocity anomalies of the S40RTS model (Ritsema et al., 2011) and 410-km and 660-km discontinuity depths and mantle transition zone thickness of the above four models

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图 4 中国东北地区地幔过渡带结构. （a）410-km间断面深度分布图；（b）660-km间断面深度分布图；（c）地幔过渡带厚度分布图；（d）沿北纬42°的AA'剖面S波波速相对扰动（Tao et al., 2018）和接收函数CCP叠加深度剖面. 图（a-c）中紫色实线表示俯冲太平洋板片等深线；图（c）中红色实线表示AA'剖面位置；图（d）中虚线表示410 km和660 km深度. GXAR和SLB分别代表大兴安岭和松辽盆地；ABG：阿巴嘎火山；AES：阿尔山火山；CBS：长白山火山；LG：龙岗火山；JPH：镜泊湖火山；WDLC：五大连池火山（图片修改自张炎等，2022）

Figure 4. Mantle transition zone structures in the northeastern China. (a) Depth of the 410-km discontinuity; (b) Depth of the 660-km discontinuity; (c) Mantle transition zone thickness; and (d) Shear wave velocity perturbations along the AA' depth profile (Tao et al., 2018) and receiver function CCP stacks. Solid purple lines in (a-c) are the iso-depth lines of the subducting Pacific slab; the red line in (c) shows the location of the AA' profile; dashed lines in (d) mark 410 km and 660 km depths. GXAR: Great Xing’an Range; SLB: Songliao Basin; ABG: Abaga Volcano; AES: Aershan Volcano; CBS: Changbaishan Volcano; LG: Longgang Volcano; JPH: Jingpohu Volcano; WDLC: Wudalianchi Volcano (figure modified from Zhang et al., 2022)

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