• ISSN 2097-1893
  • CN 10-1855/P

航磁异常分析技术及其在地质构造中的应用

焦立果 雷宇 涂继耀 赵军浩

引用本文: 焦立果,雷宇,涂继耀,赵军浩. 2022. 航磁异常分析技术及其在地质构造中的应用. 地球与行星物理论评,53(3):331-358
Jiao L G, Lei Y, Tu J Y, Zhao J H. 2022. A review on the analysis of aeromagnetic anomaly and its geological and tectonic applications. Reviews of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, 53(3): 331-358

航磁异常分析技术及其在地质构造中的应用

doi: 10.19975/j.dqyxx.2021-069
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(42074072);中国地震局地球物理研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(DQJB20B26,DQJB21X26)
详细信息
    通讯作者:

    焦立果(1978-),男,副研究员,主要从事地壳磁异常,地壳热磁结构及地震活动性方面的研究. E-mail: lgjiao@cea-igp.ac.cn

  • 中图分类号: P318.4

A review on the analysis of aeromagnetic anomaly and its geological and tectonic applications

Funds: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42074072), and the Special Fund of the Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration (Grant Nos. DQJB20B26, DQJB21X26)
  • 摘要: 航磁异常在地质构造研究中具有覆盖广、成本低以及横向分辨率高等显著优势,被广泛应用于隐伏岩浆岩及断层探测,俯冲带、大陆裂谷、岩墙群及地幔柱等构造特征分析,磁性界面(包含结晶基底及居里等温面)反演,区域构造划分以及孕震构造背景研究等领域. 近来随着航空磁测技术的发展,积累了越来越多大比例尺、高精度的航磁数据,并在此基础上产生了新的全球/区域地壳磁异常图/模型. 在由航磁异常对场源位置、形态、走向及埋深等进行分析反演方面,人们使用了化极、延拓、求导(包含水平及垂向导数、斜导数、总水平导数、总梯度模及各类导数组合)、欧拉反褶积、磁性界面及磁化率反演等多种技术. 本文对岩石磁性和磁异常解释的不确定性进行了整理和归纳,对各种航磁异常分析及反演技术进行了介绍,对航磁异常在不同场景下的地质构造应用进行了回顾,并对未来航磁探测、数据分析及应用等发展进行了讨论和展望.

     

  • 图  1  龙门山断裂带附近10 km高度处的化极磁异常(左)及θ图(右)分布

    Figure  1.  The RTP ∆T (Left) and θ-map (Right) distribution around Longmenshan fault belt at an altitude of 10 km

    图  6  龙门山断裂带两侧基底分布特征示意图(修改自Lei et al., 2022

    Figure  6.  Schematic diagram of basement distribution on both sides of Longmenshan fault zone (modified from Lei et al., 2022)

    图  2  细剖分法(Dipole100)、偶极子近似法(Dipole)、泰勒级数展开法(TSP)和高斯—勒让德积分法(GL5×5×5)计算的磁异常Bx曲线分布图. 观测点位于20 km高度

    Figure  2.  Calculated distribution of magnetic anomaly Bx by: Subdivision (Dipole 100), Dipole approximation (Dipole), Taylor Series exPansion (TSP) and Gause-Legende integral (GL5×5×5) methods. The observation points are located at an altitude of 20 km

    图  3  雅鲁藏布江缝合带中部两条磁异常条带深部岩性成因示意图 (修改自Wang et al., 2020a

    Figure  3.  Schematic diagram of deep lithologic genesis of the two magnetic anomaly bands in the middle of Yarlung Zangbo Suture zone (modified from Wang et al., 2020a)

    图  4  南西奈塔巴地区航磁解析信号振幅(左)及斜导数总水平导数(右)同断层分布(修改自Khalil, 2016

    Figure  4.  Comparison of the analytical signal amplitude (left) and the total horizontal derivative of the tilt derivative (TDR_THD)(right) with faults at Taba, South Sinai (modified from Khalil, 2016)

    图  5  (a)塔里木盆地磁异常解析信号振幅分布;(b)径向信号异常特写;(c)由磁异常勾画出地幔柱原始形态;(d)新生代变形恢复(修改自Xu et al., 2020

    Figure  5.  (a) Analytical signal of aeromagnetic anomalies in the Tarim Basin;(b) Close-up distribution of radial signal anomalies; (c) Original morphology of imaged plume;(d) Restoration of Cenozoic deformation (modified from Xu et al., 2020)

    图  7  全球居里面分布参考模型 (Li et al., 2017

    Figure  7.  Global reference Curie point depth model (Li et al., 2017)

    图  8  基于航磁数据得到的中国大陆区域地质构造图 (修改自Xiong et al., 2016a

    Figure  8.  Regional geotectonic map of continental China based on aeromagnetic data (modified from Xiong et al., 2016a)

    图  9  由航磁异常推测孕震断层展布. (a)三维磁化率反演结果;(b)磁化率剖面;(c)由航磁、重力及DInSAR得到的地震地质构造背景解释;(d)剖面构造概念图 (修改自Kolawole et al., 2017

    Figure  9.  Seismogenic faults distribution deduced from aeromagnetic anomalies. (a) Inverted 3D mangetic susceptibility. (b) Susceptibility profile. (c) Interpretation of geotectonic setting of earthquakes based on DInSAR, aeromagnetic and gravity data. (d) Conceptual 2D tectonics of the cross section (modified from Kolawole et al., 2017)

    表  1  常见矿物体积磁化率数值范围 (修改自Hunt et al., 1995; Dunlop and Özdemir, 2007

    Table  1.   Numerical range of volume magnetic susceptibility of common minerals (modified from Hunt et al., 1995; Dunlop and Özdemir, 2007)

    磁性种类矿物名称矿物化学式Fe质量百分比/%体积磁化率/(×10−3SI)颜色主/次
      抗磁性 石英SiO2 0  −16.4×10−3浅色矿物主要矿物
     长石KAlSi3O8 0  −14.9×10−3
     方解石CaCO3 0  −13.6×10−3
      顺磁性 黑云母KR3AlSi3O10OH2*<31   0.5~1.15暗色矿物
     角闪石Fe7Si8O22OH2<37   0.5~2.7
     辉石R2Si2O6*<40   1.55~1.8
     橄榄石R2SiO4*<53   1.56~5.53
     钛铁矿FeTiO337  4.7~5.2次要矿物
     赤铁矿Fe2O370  0.5~40
     黄铁矿FeS2 46.7  1.5
      铁磁性
    (亚铁磁性)
     铁Fe100   3.9×103
     磁铁矿Fe3O4 72.4  3.0×103
     磁赤铁矿Fe2O370  2.0~2.5×103
     磁黄铁矿Fe7S860  3.2×103
     钛磁铁矿   0.13~0.62×103
    * R代表可能被Fe元素或其它元素占据的晶格位置.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  常见岩石类型体积磁化率数值范围(修改自Hunt et al., 1995; Clark, 1999; Dunlop and Özdemir, 2007

    Table  2.   Numerical range of volume magnetic susceptibility of common rocks (modified from Hunt et al., 1995; Clark, 1999; Dunlop and Özdemir, 2007)

    岩石种类主要矿物体积磁化率(×10−3SI)
    岩浆岩  超基性橄榄岩橄榄石96~200
      基性辉长岩辉石1~160
    玄武岩0.25~180
      中性闪长岩角闪石、黑云母、长石0.63~130
    安山岩170
      酸性花岗岩黑云母、长石、石英0~50
    流纹岩0.25~38
    沉积岩  碎屑沉积砂岩 长石、石英0~20.9
    页岩 0.063~18.6
      化学沉积灰岩 方解石0~25
    白云岩方解石−0.01~0.94
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2021-12-31
  • 录用日期:  2022-03-09
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-03-23
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