嘉黎断裂带活动性研究进展

李鸿儒; 白玲; 詹慧丽

doi:10.19975/j.dqyxx.2020-019

嘉黎断裂带活动性研究进展

doi: 10.19975/j.dqyxx.2020-019

李鸿儒^{1, 2},
白玲^{1, 2, 3, ,},
詹慧丽^{1, 2,}

1.
中国科学院青藏高原研究所大陆碰撞与高原隆升重点实验室，北京 100101
2.
中国科学院大学，北京 100049
3.
中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心，北京 100101

基金项目: 王宽诚教育基金会资助项目（GJTD-2019-04）；第二次青藏高原综合科学考察资助项目（2019QZKK0701）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（41761144076）

详细信息

作者简介:
李鸿儒(1993-)，博士研究生，主要从事青藏高原地震活动性及构造地质学的研究. E-mail：lihongru@itpcas.ac.cn

通讯作者:
白玲，女，研究员，主要从事青藏高原—喜马拉雅地区地震发生机理、地球内部结构及地质灾害危险性分析等研究. E-mail：bailing@itpcas.ac.cn

中图分类号: P311
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-10-10
- 录用日期: 2020-11-13
- 网络出版日期: 2021-09-13
- 刊出日期: 2021-03-01

Research progress of Jiali fault activity

Li Hongru^{1, 2},
Bai Ling^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
Zhan Huili^{1, 2
,}

1.
Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.
Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Funds: Supported by the K C Wong Education Foundation (Grant No. GJTD-2019-04), the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (2019QZKK0701) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41761144076)

摘要

摘要: 嘉黎断裂是一条横贯青藏高原东南部的大型走滑断裂，在印度和欧亚板块碰撞前后通过调整应力平衡发挥着重要作用. 本文根据前人对嘉黎断裂的研究成果，从地质学和地球物理学的角度，系统地总结分析嘉黎断裂带构造背景、壳幔结构、晚第四纪和现今的活动性质和速率. 基于地质学方法，搜集前人在测年方面的研究结果，限定断裂的活动年限以及活动速率. 同时在东段的北侧分支嘎龙寺附近，采用光释光测年法增加两个测年点，完善活动速度资料，并对断裂自西向东不同部位的走滑速率和错动断距进行对比分析. 基于地球物理学观测资料，分析地震活动性和壳幔物质的速度结构、各向异性等参数，利用波形拟合方法，新增18个3～5级地震的震源机制解. 结果表明，嘉黎断裂现今的构造变形主要表现为右旋走滑运动，但是在不同的分段具有显著的差异性，新生的西兴拉—达木分支是地震最活跃的区域. 在此基础上，探讨青藏高原的构造演化过程，分析东构造结地区构造运动的稳定性，为川藏铁路雅安—林芝段工程建设地质灾害风险评估提供必要参考资料.
- 青藏高原东南缘 /
- 嘉黎断裂 /
- 走滑速率 /
- 地震活动 /
- 分段差异性
Abstract: The Jiali fault is a large strike-slip fault that traverses the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau. It played an important role as an adjustment fault for adjusting stress balance both before and after the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates. Based on early publications about the Jiali fault, this study systematically summarizes and analyzes its tectonic background, crustal and mantle structure, properties and rates of activity in the Late Quaternary and the present from the perspectives of geology and geophysics. Based on geological methods, we collected results related to dating in order to constrain the active age and rate of the fault. We newly tested optical stimulated luminescence dating for two areas near the Galong Temple, the northern branch of the eastern section of the Jiali fault to complement the measurement of activity rate. We compared the strike-slip rate and dislocation distance for different segments along the Jiali fault from west to east. Based on geophysical observations, we analyze the seismic activity, crustal and mantle velocity and seismic anisotropy. Using waveform modeling method, we newly determined focal mechanisms of 18 earthquakes with magnitudes between 3 and 5. We found that the current tectonic deformation of the Jiali fault is primarily the right-lateral strike-slip. However, there are different features at different segments. The newly activated Xixingla-Damu branch is the most active segment. On this basis, we discussed the tectonic evolution process of the Tibetan Plateau, and analyzed the structural stability of the eastern Himalaya syntaxis, which is needed for the geological hazard risk assessment of the Sichuan-Tibet railway engineering construction at the Yaan-Linzhi branch.
- southeastern Tibetan Plateau /
- Jiali fault /
- strike-slip rate /
- earthquake activity /
- segmental differences

HTML全文

图 1 青藏高原东南缘地区构造地质图与嘉黎断裂的位置. 黑色曲线表示嘉黎断裂，Ⅰ：西段分支；Ⅱ：中段分支；Ⅲ：东段分支. 东段自北向南分为三个分支：Ⅲ-1：北部分支；Ⅲ-2：中部分支；Ⅲ-3：南部分支（修改自郑来林等, 2004）

Figure 1. Tectonic geological map of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau and the location of the Jiali fault. Black curves are the Jiali fault. Ⅰ: western branch; Ⅱ: central branch; Ⅲ: eastern branch. The eastern branch is further divided into three segments from north to south: Ⅲ-1: northern segment; Ⅲ-2: middle segment; Ⅲ-3: southern segment (modified from Zheng et al., 2004)

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图 2 嘉黎断裂带不同段断裂性质以及第四纪沉积物的年龄分布. OSL表示光释光测年结果，TL表示热释光测年结果，背景图为地表地形起伏（修改自Amante and Eakins, 2009）

Figure 2. Fault properties and age distribution of Quaternary sediment in different sections of the Jiali fault. OSL represents the results of photoluminescence and TL represents the results of thermoluminescence dating. The background is the topography of the Earth's surface (modified from Amante and Eakins, 2009)

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图 3 嘉黎断裂野外特征. （a）断裂导致易贡藏布形成的回头弯；（b）嘉黎断裂中支贡日嘎布曲形成的垭口地貌；（c）嘉黎断裂北支帕隆藏布；（d）北支帕隆藏布分支嘎龙寺附近垭口地貌；（e）嘉黎断裂错断嘎龙寺平面图；（f）嘉黎断裂南东段错断终碛垄

Figure 3. Field characteristics of Jiali fault. (a) the turning back curve caused by the fault; (b) the geomorphology of the pass formed by Gongri-gapu Qu of the central branch of the Jiali fault; (c) the Palongzangbu in the northern branch of the Jiali fault; (d) the geomorphology near Galong Temple of the northern Palongzangbu branch; (e) the map view of Galong Temple broken by the Jiali fault; (f) the terminal moraine broken by the southeastern segment of the Jiali fault

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图 4 东构造结地震活动性. 灰色小圆圈表示1970年以来发生的4.5级以上地震，红色大圆圈表示1900年以来发生的6.0级以上地震（USGS 地震目录：https://earthquake.usgs.gov/）. 黑色震源机制解来源于gCMT地震目录（Ekstrom et al., 2012; https://www.globalcmt.org/），橙色震源机制解为本研究获得的结果，黑色虚线表示地震分布揭示的新兴的西兴拉—达木断层分支

Figure 4. Seismicity in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. Small gray circles are earthquakes of M≥4.5 since 1970, large red circles are earthquakes of M≥6.0 since 1900 (USGS catalog: https://earthquake.usgs.gov/). The black focal mechanism solutions come from gCMT earthquake catalogue (Ekstrom et al., 2012; https://www.globalcmt.org/), and the orange focal mechanism solutions are the results obtained in this study. Black dotted line shows that new Xixingla-Damu fault branch estimated from the earthquake distribution

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图 5 嘉黎断裂走滑速率、错动断距与断层位置

Figure 5. Strike-slip rate, dislocated distance and its location of the Jiali fault

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表 1 嘉黎断裂第四纪测年结果

Table 1. Quaternary dating results of the Jiali fault

序号	地理位置	样品物质	测年方法	年龄/ka	来源
1	嘎龙寺冰碛垄	冰碛物	光释光	29.74±2.54	本文
2	嘎龙寺冰碛垄	冰碛物	光释光	28.96±2.60	本文
3	通麦阶地	河流沉积物	光释光	11.06±0.94	宋键等，2013
4	嘉黎城南	冰水堆积物	光释光	22.0±1.8	宋键等，2013
5	那曲罗尔玛弄沟	河流阶地	热释光	34.7±2.71	任金卫等，2000

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表 2 东构造结地区发生的18个3～5级地震震源机制解

Table 2. Focal mechanisms of 18 earthquakes with magnitudes of 3～5 occurred at the eastern Himalayan syntaxis

序号	发震日期年-月-日时:分:秒	经度/N°	纬度/E°	深度/km	震级(M_W)	节面1走向/倾向/滑动角/(°)	节面2走向/倾向/滑动角/(°)	来源
1	2010-07-28 00:38:52.68	94.86	30.25	4	3.85	150/53/−90	330/37/−90	本文
2	2011-04-12 20:03:06.80	96.92	29.95	6	3.97	21/25/−116	229/67/−78	本文
3	2012-08-07 08:17:54.74	94.89	30.33	12	3.96	7/45/150	119/69/49	本文
4	2013-08-12 06:30:11.31	97.94	30.08	6	4.11	100/56/−38	213/59/93	本文
5	2013-08-12 16:09:35.49	97.97	30.10	6	4.93	200/72/−152	100/63/−20	本文
6	2013-11-13 04:41:32.46	97.20	29.98	10	3.88	280/56/23	176/71/143	本文
7	2015-07-18 13:41:23.45	94.84	30.32	5	4.20	340/39/−76	142/52/−101	本文
8	2015-07-23 06:00:32.80	94.86	30.36	5	3.98	287/38/−91	108/52/−89	本文
9	2015-07-28 17:40:45.94	94.89	30.41	5	4.48	334/41/−86	148/49/−93	本文
10	2015-07-31 11:18:14.48	94.85	30.32	4	4.09	140/39/86	325/51/93	本文
11	2015-08-02 13:57:59.70	94.89	30.36	4	4.18	285/37/−94	110/53/−86	本文
12	2015-08-06 20:34:01.60	94.89	30.33	4	3.95	330/35/111	124/57/75	本文
13	2015-08-12 03:13:07.61	94.87	30.37	5	4.16	330/39/−86	144/51/−93	本文
14	2015-08-13 10:00.25.45	94.91	30.34	4	3.98	330/41/−81	138/49/−97	本文
15	2015-10-03 13:26:13.40	98.37	30.95	5	4.14	209/59/−146	99/61/−35	本文
16	2015-10-27 02:11:23.52	97.98	30.11	9	4.54	285/51/−50	51/53/−128	本文
17	2016-03-15 12:28:21.75	98.00	29.74	4	4.25	66/26/−101	258/64/−84	本文
18	2016-03-21 00:54:10.42	93.17	29.84	6	4.33	30/39/−85	203/51/−94	本文

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