Abstract: Due to the absence of an atmosphere, water, and active tectonic activity, the lunar surface has preserved an intact record of early impact geology in the Solar System, making it a crucial natural laboratory for studying the history of planetary formation and evolution. The widely distributed craters on the lunar surface systematically record their formation and evolution mechanisms through geometric morphological parameters (depth, diameter, rim height, and slope characteristics), revealing impact dynamics and target medium response features, while providing critical morphological evidence for analyzing lunar surface landform evolution stages, regional geological events, chronological sequences, and surface material property evolution. Lunar impact craters undergo continuous degradation due to space weathering, micrometeorite impacts, and thermal cycling. Topographic diffusion models serve as a theoretical framework for quantifying the degradation rates of simple impact craters; by simulating rim migration and topographic redistribution, they effectively decouple original impact features from subsequent modification effects. On this basis, the quantitative relationship between crater morphological parameters and degradation degree has gradually become an important bridge linking morphological observation, process interpretation, and chronological inversion. This paper reviews high-resolution geometric parameter extraction techniques, methods for constructing degradation criteria, and their application logic in chronological inversion. Regarding the crater size-frequency distribution (CSFD) dating method, this paper focuses on innovations in the automated identification of small-scale craters, algorithms for correcting erosion effects, and strategies for controlling statistical uncertainties. It also evaluates the accuracy limits and applicability of this method in different geological units, such as lunar maria and highlands. Meanwhile, this paper also pays attention to differences among impact craters of different spatial scales in terms of preservation state, identification difficulty, and statistical robustness, and analyzes the main limitations of existing studies in data resolution, sample completeness, and model assumptions. In the past decade, high-precision digital elevation models and remote sensing imagery products from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and its Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) in the United States, China's Chang'e lunar exploration program, and Japan's SELENE lunar science and engineering mission have enabled precise identification and parameter extraction of impact craters with diameters of 20 meters or larger, significantly enhancing the spatial resolution and statistical significance of chronology research. This paper aims to elucidate the coupled mechanisms of crater formation, evolution, and degradation; evaluate optimization pathways for the CSFD dating method; and clarify the role of data from various exploration missions across different developmental stages in model validation. It further provides a comprehensive research perspective for understanding the evolutionary patterns of the lunar surface, improving crater degradation models, and promoting the coordinated application of multi-source remote sensing data and provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for future refined chronological classification of the lunar surface, studies on surface material degradation processes, and the advancement of related numerical simulations.