• ISSN 2097-1893
  • CN 10-1855/P

2021年苏门答腊岛北部西海岸MW6.6海沟外缘地震的震源过程

Source process of the 2021 MW6.6 outer rise earthquake off the west coast of northern Sumatra

  • 摘要: 大洋板块俯冲带复杂的地震模式引发海沟外缘地震,揭示了板块俯冲带的周期性构造变形特征,在2005年MW8.6尼亚斯地震破裂区巽他海弧附近多次发生海沟外缘地震. 本文使用运动学波形反演方法(KIWI)获得了2021年5月14日北苏门答腊岛西海岸MW6.6地震事件的震源参数,确定了这次海沟外缘地震的发震断层面形态. KIWI算法允许配置两种类型的震源:用矩张量模型的六个分量描述剪切类型和用程函模型描述纯双力偶源类型. 选择这种方法是因为它可以应用于不同的震源,也可以对实时监测的波形进行快速全矩张量解反演. 地震数据来自于IRIS-IDA和Geofon GFZ数据库收录的8个震中距1000 km以内的宽频带地震台站波形. 初始地震发震时刻和震中位置来自IRIS-IDA目录. 反演过程中使用的理论地震波形是从KIWI工具函数数据库中获取的区域格林函数模型. 得到的标量地震矩值为1.18×1019 Nm,相当于矩震级MW6.6. 震源参数为走向140°、倾角44°、滑动角−99°,质心深度10.2 km,表明这是发生在海沟外缘区域的正断层型地震. 浅源正断层型海沟外缘地震通常发生在板块浅部,节面倾角范围大多为30-60°. 在俯冲带逆冲型大地震震源区,应力分布呈时间和空间上的周期性变化,正断层型海沟外缘地震通常发生在逆冲型大地震之后. 由于板块内部粘性松弛和海沟斜坡区孔隙弹性等参数的影响,海沟外缘地震的发生时间间隔尚不清楚. 2021年5月14日地震震源参数揭示了板块强耦合的巽他俯冲带周期性地震活动特点,海沟外缘地震的发生取决于地震周期性活动过程中板块弹性弯曲变形特征.

     

    Abstract: The complexity of the seismicity pattern for the subduction zone along the oceanic plate triggered the outer rise events and revealed cyclic tectonic deformation conditions along the plate subduction zones. The outer rise earthquakes have been observed along the Sunda arc, following the estimated rupture area of the 2005 MW8.6 Nias earthquakes. Here, we used Kinematic Waveform Inversion (KIWI) to obtain the source parameters of the 14 May 2021 MW6.6 event off the west coast of northern Sumatra and to define the fault plane that triggered this outer rise event. The KIWI algorithm allows two types of seismic source to be configured: the Moment Tensor model to describe the type of shear with six moment tensor components and the Eikonal model for the rupture of pure double-couple sources. This method was chosen for its flexibility to be applied for different sources of seismicity and also for the automated full-moment tensor solution with real-time monitoring. We used full waveform traces from 8 broadband seismic stations within 1000 km epicentral distances sourced from the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS-IDA) and Geofon GFZ seismic record databases. The initial origin time and hypocenter values are obtained from the IRIS-IDA. The synthetic seismograms used in the inversion process are based on the existing regional green function database model and were accessed from the KIWI Tools Green's Function Database. The obtained scalar seismic moment value is 1.18x1019 Nm, equivalent to a moment magnitude MW6.6. The source parameters are 140°, 44°, and −99° for the strike, dip, and rake values at a centroid depth of 10.2 km, indicating that this event is a normal fault earthquake that occurred in the outer rise area. The outer rise events with shallow normal faults typically occur at the shallow part of the plate, with nodal-plane dips predominantly in the range of 30°-60° on the weak oceanic lithosphere due to hydrothermal alteration. The stress regime around the plate subduction zone varies both temporally and spatially due to the cyclic influences of megathrust earthquakes. Tensional outer rise earthquakes tend to occur after the megathrust events. The relative timing of these events is not known due to the viscous relaxation of the lower part of the slab and poroelastic response in the trench slope region. The occurrence of the 14 May 2021 earthquake shows the seismicity in the outer rise region in the strongly coupled Sunda arc subduction zone due to elastic bending stress within the duration of the seismic cycle.

     

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