Abstract: The basic reason of the destructive effect of earthquakes is the sudden slip of faults, which motivates seismic waves and causes surface vibrations, known as strong ground motion. Numerical simulation of strong ground motion can systematically reveal the influence mechanism of factors such as seismic source, earth medium and site condition on earthquake motion, which is an important research direction at the intersection of earthquake engineering and geophysics. It plays an important role in reducing earthquake risks and protecting people's lives and property safety. From the perspective of development, numerical simulation of strong ground motion has moved from a single method to the integration of multiple methods, and from low-frequency analysis to broadband and high-precision. This article systematically summarizes the classification and application of numerical simulation methods for strong ground motion. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages: deterministic methods can directly solve wave equations and are suitable for calculating complex media and low-frequency seismic waves, but there is a problem of low computational efficiency. The stochastic method is suitable for calculating high-frequency seismic waves which is computationally efficient, but lacks physical significance. The deterministic-stochastic hybrid method has the disadvantage of difficult physical consistency in the superposition of high-frequency and low-frequency. The seismic source encoding technology can reduce the number of wave equation solutions through frequency encoding, greatly improving the efficiency of large-scale simulations. Artificial intelligence technology can obtain complex nonlinear relationships between fault rupture, medium influence and seismic wave propagation, without needing to explicitly construct physical equations. It can simulate strong ground motion more efficiently. Although there are still shortcomings such as scarce strong motion data and limited computing resources, with the development of computer technology, artificial intelligence and interdisciplinary cooperation, numerical simulation of strong ground motion will be more efficient and accurate. It will play a greater role in earthquake risk assessment, seismic design optimization and earthquake emergency rescue.