Abstract: In order to study the specific application effect of gradient guided optimization methods such as gradient method and conjugate gradient method in the full waveform inversion algorithm flow of seismic exploration, the full waveform inversion algorithm program is constructed. A variety of optimization algorithms such as Hestenes-Stiefel, Polak-Ribiere-Polyak, Fletcher-Reeves, Conjugate Descent and Dai-Yuan are implemented. The model example experiment is carried out, and the comprehensive and sufficient experimental results are obtained. The research results show that the Conjugate Descent optimization algorithm achieves the best application effect for the Overthrust near-surface velocity model constructed. Although the experimental results may be affected by many factors such as the complexity of the model and the main frequency of the seismic wavelet used in the experiment, the results of this study can provide reference for related work on research ideas and experimental results.