• ISSN 2097-1893
  • CN 10-1855/P

金星火星电离层小尺度磁通量绳研究

Studies on the small-scale magnetic flux ropes at Venus and Mars

  • 摘要: 磁通量绳是一种螺旋状的磁场结构,广泛存在于从太阳表面到行星磁层的各个空间区域,是空间物理中能量和粒子传输的重要通道. 传统观点认为磁通量绳一般形成于磁化等离子体中,主要产生机制包括速度剪切和多X线磁重联. 然而,近年来卫星探测结果表明,在金星、火星等非磁化的电离层中也存在很多小尺度的磁通量绳结构,传统的速度剪切或磁重联机制无法解释其观测特征,其形成原因一直困扰着人们. 本文提出一种新的磁通量绳产生机制,即认为位于电离层中的磁通量管其不同部位由于高度差异受到电离层的非均匀挤压,这种挤压会带来发电机效应,表现为方位角方向上电场旋度的逐渐增加,从而造成磁场扭转,并最终形成所观测到的磁通量绳现象. 通过建立多流体MHD模型,本文成功模拟了金星、火星电流层中磁通量绳的产生过程,很好地解释了观测现象. 此外,本文还讨论了不同因素对磁通量绳特征的影响,包括下沉速度、离子回旋半径、磁通量管半径等,并解释了金星和火星磁通量绳之间的差异.

     

    Abstract: Magnetic flux ropes (MFRs) with twisted magnetic field lines are common in the solar system, most of which can be caused by magnetic reconnection or velocity shear. However, these two mechanisms have difficulties in explaining the formation of MFRs observed in the ionosphere of an unmagnetized body, such as Mars and Venus. Here we propose a new mechanism: an azimuthal component of \nabla \times \boldsymbolE can be generated by the differential compression and diffusion at different parts of the flux tube when the tube is sinking into the partially ionized ionosphere, which generates azimuthal magnetic fields with twisted magnetic field lines and finally gives rise to an ionospheric MFR. We develop a multi-fluid MHD model to study the formation of MFR in the ionospheres of Mars and Venus, and the simulation results are consistent with the observations. We also discuss the different effects of different factors, such as the sinking speed, the ion gyroradius, and the tube radius, which can be used to explain the different altitude dependences of MFRs observed at Mars and Venus.

     

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