Preliminary results of the ionospheric high-frequency Doppler shift monitor for the Chinese Meridian Project (Phase II)
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摘要: 子午工程二期计划在漠河、北京、武汉、深圳四地分别建设由一个发射站和三个接收站构成的电离层高频多普勒监测台阵. 本文介绍了为此研制的电离层高频多普勒监测仪的进展和试观测期间取得的一些观测结果. 通过与电离层测高仪进行交叉对比，设备的性能和探测能力得到了验证. 目前该设备已部署7个站点进行试观测，本文报告了该设备探测到的太阳耀斑导致的电离层扰动、电离层行进式扰动、大尺度电场导致的多站同时扰动等多种现象. 未来子午工程二期建成后，该设备将具备我国上空北至漠河、南至广东的电离层扰动监测能力，并与其它探测手段融合发挥空间天气综合监测网络的最大效能.
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关键词:
- 电离层高频多普勒频移 /
- 电离层扰动 /
- 子午工程
Abstract: The Chinese Meridian Project (Phase II) plans to construct ionospheric Doppler sounding arrays around Mohe, Beijing, Wuhan, and Shenzhen. Each array consists of one transmitter station and three stations equipped with the ionospheric high-frequency Doppler shift monitor, which is described in this paper in terms of system design and preliminary results from its pilot operation. By comparison with a collocated ionosonde, the performance capability of the sounder is validated. At present, the sounders have been installed at seven stations and have been running continuously for about 1 year. This paper presents observations of various ionospheric disturbances caused by solar flare eruptions, travelling ionosphere disturbances, and probable large-scale electric field variations. Once established, the chain of sounder arrays will continuously monitor ionospheric disturbances over eastern China and contribute to the sophisticated space environment monitoring network of the Chinese Meridian Project. -
图 1 电离层高频多普勒监测仪系统框图
Figure 1. System diagram of the high-frequency Doppler shift monitor
图 2 （a）国家授时中心蒲城发射站与各高频多普勒接收站及电离层反射点的地理位置. 放大图显示了（b）北京和（c）武汉各站接收信号的电离层反射点的位置关系
Figure 2. (a) Locations of the National Time Service Center (NTSC) Pucheng transmitter, the receivers, and the reflection points. Enlarged maps showing the geometry of the reflection points for the receivers around (b) Beijing and (c) Wuhan
图 3 电离层多普勒频移监测与电离层测高仪观测对比
Figure 3. Comparison between the ionospheric Doppler sounding and ionosonde observations
图 4 2022年10月11日的M3.9级耀斑事件. （a-e）北京及武汉附近各站电离层多普勒频移观测；（f）FY-2H卫星观测的太阳X射线辐射流量及其时间变化率
Figure 4. The M3.9 solar flare event on 11 October 2022. (a-e) Doppler frequency shift observed by the receivers around Beijing and Wuhan; (f) Solar X-ray flux recorded by the FY-2H satellite and its rate of change
图 5 2022年4月21日的M9.7级耀斑事件. （a-d）北京、武汉、深圳附近各站电离层多普勒频移观测. （e）GOES-16卫星观测的太阳0.1～0.8 nm X射线通量
Figure 5. The M9.7 solar flare event on 22 April 2022. (a-d) Doppler frequency shift observed by the receivers around Beijing, Wuhan, and Shenzhen; (e) Solar X-ray flux recorded by the GOES-16 satellite
图 6 同图5，（a-d）显示各站接收到的信号强度
Figure 6. Similar to Fig. 5, but showing (a-d) the signal power recorded by the receivers around Beijing, Wuhan, and Shenzhen
图 7 2022年8月24日北京附近三站观测到的一次行进式电离层扰动
Figure 7. Travelling ionospheric disturbances observed by three stations around Beijing on 24 August 2022
图 9 2022年2月1日多台站观测到的时间同步的多普勒频移变化
Figure 9. Concurrent variations of the frequency shift observed at multiple stations on 1st February 2022
图 10 2022年4月27日多台站观测到的时间同步的电离层扰动
Figure 10. Concurrent variations of the frequency shift observed at multiple stations on 27 April 2022
图 8 2022年8月24日电离层TID扰动的传播速度反演结果
Figure 8. Calculated velocity for the travelling ionospheric disturbances observed on 24 August 2022
表 1 进行设备试观测的电离层高频多普勒监测站点经纬度
Table 1. Locations of the Doppler sounding stations
台站名 临时代码 地理经度/（°） 地理纬度/（°） 海淀北大站 BDT 116.31 39.99 昌平北大站 BCT 116.19 40.25 密云溪翁庄站 MDT 116.86 40.45 随州站 SUZ 113.32 31.57 崇阳站 CHY 114.13 29.51 武昌武大站 WHU 114.35 30.54 深圳南山站 SZT 113.97 22.60 
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