• ISSN 2097-1893
  • CN 10-1855/P
文艺,伍康. 2022. 面向绝对重力测量的振动补偿技术发展. 地球与行星物理论评,53(3):257-268. doi: 10.19975/j.dqyxx.2021-065
引用本文: 文艺,伍康. 2022. 面向绝对重力测量的振动补偿技术发展. 地球与行星物理论评,53(3):257-268. doi: 10.19975/j.dqyxx.2021-065
Wen Y, Wu K. 2022. Reviews on the development of vibration correction for absolute gravimetry. Reviews of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, 53(3): 257-268. doi: 10.19975/j.dqyxx.2021-065
Citation: Wen Y, Wu K. 2022. Reviews on the development of vibration correction for absolute gravimetry. Reviews of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, 53(3): 257-268. doi: 10.19975/j.dqyxx.2021-065

面向绝对重力测量的振动补偿技术发展

Reviews on the development of vibration correction for absolute gravimetry

  • 摘要: 绝对重力仪是用于直接测量重力加速度值的精密仪器,可以作为计量标准器对相对重力仪进行定期校准. 现有绝对重力仪的测量精度可达微伽(1 μGal = 1×10−8 m/s2)量级,测量精度主要受振动噪声的限制. 垂直隔振和振动补偿技术是目前常用的两种处理振动噪声的方法. 随着绝对重力仪在野外流动重力观测和海洋/航空重力测量中的应用需求日益增加,结构简单且抗干扰能力更好的振动补偿技术更适用于在复杂测量环境下处理振动噪声. 本文对面向绝对重力测量的振动补偿技术发展进行了详细回顾,主要从振动补偿系统的硬件改进和算法优化两方面进行介绍,并对未来振动补偿技术的发展趋势进行了展望. 国内振动补偿技术研究开始较早,经过长期发展,现有研究成果已经达到国际先进水平,为未来国内面向移动平台的绝对重力测量的发展提供了有利的技术支撑.

     

    Abstract: Absolute gravimeters are precise instruments for directly measuring the gravity acceleration. It can be used as a measurement standard for periodic calibration of the relative gravimeters. At present, the measurement accuracy of absolute gravimeter has reached the order of micro-gal (1 μGal = 1×10−8 m/s2), which is mainly limited by vibration noise. Vibration isolation and vibration correction technology are two commonly used methods to deal with vibration noise. Compared with vibration isolation, vibration correction has a simpler structure and better dynamic performance, which use a vibration sensor to detect the vibration noise. With increasing application demands of absolute gravimeters in field gravity measurements and marine/airborne gravity measurements, vibration correction technology is preferable to deal with vibration noise in noisy and complex measurement environment. In this paper, the development of vibration correction technology in absolute gravity measurement is reviewed in detail, focusing on two aspects of algorithm optimization and hardware improvement of the vibration correction system. As for algorithm optimization, the key is to determine the transfer function between the real movement and the sensor output. Most of the works improve the model to approach the real transfer function, including introducing more parameters to the model and adopting filtering technology. And other works focus on the performance of the vibration sensor, such as applying sensors with high sensitivity and high accuracy. Moreover, a type of vibration sensor with a built-in retroreflector which is specified for vibration correction system, is proposed by some groups. As for future applications in dynamic absolute gravity measurement, the dynamic performance of the vibration sensor is taken into account. Accelerometers with a more extensive measuring range and wider bandwidth are applied to replace seismometers in several dynamic measurement attempts at present. Therefore, achieving high accuracy in a large measurement range will be the main difficulty to overcome for dynamic applications. This paper finally looks forward to the future development trend of vibration correction technology. The trade-off between accuracy, dynamic performance and time cost will be a future problem. The good news is that domestic research on vibration correction technology developed early and rapidly. After decades of effort, the existing technique has reached the advanced international level, whether in optical laser interferometry or atomic interferometry. This no doubt provides powerful technical support for promoting domestic dynamic absolute gravity measurements in the future.

     

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