Abstract: Limestone mines often have karst caves, which pose significant safety hazards during mining operations. To ensure safe production in mines, it is essential to detect these caves. Geophysical methods are the most widely used method for detecting karst caves. However, limestone mines are typically characterized by strong interference factors and are often located in geologically complex areas, making it highly challenging for conventional geophysical methods to achieve satisfactory results. The microtremor survey method that has emerged in recent years is a passive, efficient, and environmentally friendly geophysical method that can detect underground geological conditions in strong interference environments, demonstrating good application prospects. This article conducted microseismic detection on a certain limestone mine using a dense array method. The collected microseismic data was extracted using the extended spatial autocorrelation method for dispersion curve extraction, and then inverted to obtain the velocity structure characteristics of the mine at depths of −50 m. Combined with known conditions, three low-speed anomaly zones were divided. After analysis and research, it is believed that there is a possibility of developing karst caves near the speculated three anomaly zones.The detection results indicate that microtremor survey method has shown great application prospects in the detection of karst caves in limestone mines, and can provide technical support for ensuring safe production in mines.