Abstract: High precision surface gravity observation is one of the key means to study the internal deformation and material transport of the Earth. In the past decade, with the rapid development of modern precision geodetic observation technologies and the accumulation of high-precision gravity observation data on the surface, the application and research of absolute gravity observation in China's earthquake prevention and disaster reduction undertakings and the field of earth science have been deepened and expanded. This article mainly summarizes the application and research progress of absolute gravity observation in geodesy and geophysics in China, including the development of absolute gravity observation technologies (absolute gravity observation network, absolute gravity data processing), as well as the research progress of absolute gravity in earthquake monitoring (earthquake monitoring and prediction, calibration, and comparative observations of seismic gravity instruments) and geodynamics (crustal structural deformation, surface material migration, establishment and evaluation of gravity field models). Finally, some suggestions are proposed for development trends and application research directions of absolute gravity observation in terms of spatial resolution, gravity measurement network design, and new gravity observation technologies. With the gradual maturation of various types of independently developed absolute gravimeters in China, it is believed that absolute gravity observation will bring broader opportunities and prospects in application and research.